Modulation of immune cells and Th1/Th2 cytokines in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The role of the immune system in insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes has been suggested. Objectives: We assessed the profile of Th1/Th2 cytokines along with the frequencies of immune cells in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients (T2DP). Methods: 45 T2D patients and 43 age-matched healthy subjects were selected. Serum concentrations of T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines and the frequencies of innate and adaptive immunity cells were assessed. Results: T2DP were hyperglycemic and showed high level of insulin, normal levels of triglycerides and total-cholesterol and without any change in HDL-cholesterol.Compared to healthy subjects, T2DP exhibited significant decreased frequencies of neutrophils, without any change in monocytes, eosinophils and natural killer cells. The percentages of total lymphocytes (CD3+) and CD8+-T-cells decreased whereas those of regulatory T-cells increased without any change in CD4+ T-cells in T2DP. Interestingly, the frequencies of effector CD4+-T and B-cells increased in T2DP. Serum concentrations of IL-2, IFN-\u3b3 and IL-4 decreased while IL-10 significantly enhanced in T2DP, suggesting a differentiation of CD4+T helper cells towards IL-10-producing- Teff-cells in these patients. Conclusion: Insulin-treated type 2 diabetes is associated with anti-inflammatory profile consistent with differentiation of CD4+-Th-cells towards IL-10-producing-Teff-cells, concomitant with increased frequencies of Treg and B-cells, and this may probably offer prevention against certain infections or autoimmune/inflammatory diseases

Effectiveness of Antihyperglycemic Effect of Momordica charantia: Implication of T-Cell Cytokines

Background/Objective. We investigate the effect of antidiabetic Momordica charantia fruit juice on T cells’ differentiation, through plasmatic cytokine quantification in type 1 diabetic rats (T1D). Methods. Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by the injection of five low doses of streptozotocin. Then, animals were treated with Momordica charantia fruit juice for 28 consecutive days. Plasmatic levels of Th1 interleukin- (IL-) 02 and interferon- (IFN-) γ, Th2 (IL-4), and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines were determined in rats. Results. We observed that fruit juice induced a significant decrease in blood glucose of T1D rats. Besides, the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ significantly increased while those of IL-4 and IL-10 diminished in diabetic rats compared to control animals. Interestingly, after treatment with Momordica charantia fruit juice, IL-4 and IL-10 levels significantly increased in diabetic rats, while IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations decreased, suggesting a Th2 phenotype in these animals. Phytochemical analysis of the fruit juice revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and coumarins, compounds which possess antioxidant activity. Conclusion. This study shows that Momordica charantia fruit juice, by lowering the hyperglycemia, induced a shift of proinflammatory Th1 phenotype in T1D rats towards a favorable anti-inflammatory Th2 status. These effects might be due to the presence of antioxidant compounds in the juice and confirms the use of this plant in the treatment of autoimmune type 1 diabetes

Effectiveness effects of three medicinal plants in diabetic pregnancy

IF 4.066International audienc

Evidence of Immunosuppressive and Th2 Immune Polarizing Effects of Antidiabetic Momordica charantia Fruit Juice

The mechanism of action of the antidiabetic capacity of Momordica charantia is still under investigation. Here, we assessed phytochemical compositions, antioxidant activity, and effects of total and filtered fruit and leafy stem juices of Momordica charantia on human T cell proliferation and differentiation through quantification of Th1/Th2 cytokines. In the absence of stimulation, total fruit and leafy stem juices induced significant T cell proliferation. Under PHA stimulation, both juices potentiated plant-induced T cell proliferation. However, the filtered fruit and leafy stem juices significantly inhibited PHA-stimulated T cell proliferation, while neither juice influenced T cell proliferation. Moreover, total and filtered fruit juice increased IL-4 secretion, while total and filtered leafy stem juice enhanced IFN-γ production. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, anthocyans, steroids, and triterpenoids in both juices. Alkaloids, quinone derivatives, cardenolides, and cyanogenic derivatives were undetectable. The saponins present in total juices were undetectable after filtration. Moreover, both juices had appreciable antioxidant capacity. Our study supports the type 1 antidiabetic effect of filtered fruit juice of M. charantia which may be related to its immunosuppressive and T-helper 2 cell inducing capacities. Due to their immune-stimulatory activities and their ability to increase T-helper 1 cell cytokines, total fruit and leafy stem juices may serve in the treatment of immunodeficiency and certain infections

Épidémiologie de la bilharziose urinaire et des géohelminthiases chez les jeunes scolaires des zones lacustres de la commune de So-Ava, sud-Bénin

International audienceObjective: In the tropics, infections by Schistosoma haematobium and soil-transmitted helminths speciesare widespread and Republic of Benin is no exception. This study aims to assess the epidemiologicalstatus of urogenital schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in schoolchildren of Sô-Ava town in theDepartment of Atlantic in Southern Benin.Methodology and Results: The biological material was composed of urine and stool collected from fromPublic Primary Schools in Sôchanhoué, Sôtchanhoué Quarter and Sô-Zounko between April to August2012 . Six hundred and four urine samples were examined by filtration technique and 363 stool sampleswere examined by Kato-Katz test. Malacological surveys were conducted to assess the diversity offreshwater snails and determine the snail species involved in the transmission of schistosomiasis. Theresults showed infection rates of S. haematobium of 22.22% (N = 153), 21.43% (N = 182) and 46.47% (N =269) in the three prospected sites, respectively, with an overall infection rate of 32.78% (N = 604) with asmany boys as girls infected and children 7 to 8 years of age the most affected. Three species of soiltransmittedhelminths were found with an overall prevalence of 12.12% (N = 44) of people infected with atleast one of the three parasites Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura or Enterobius vermicularis. Theresults showed that the parasite densities of S. haematobium and soil-transmitted helminths were thegreatest in children aged 7 to 8 years, especially boys. Three species of freshwater snails known asintermediate hosts for schistosomes were collected: Bulinus forskalii, B. globosus and B. truncatus.Conclusion: This study was used to assess the level of endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis and soiltransmittedhelminths in human populations of the Nokoue Lake area and allows considering theappropriate means of controlling these parasites.Objectif : Dans les zones intertropicales, les infestations par Schistosoma haematobium et autres espècesd’helminthes sont très répandues et le Bénin ne fait pas exception. Cette étude a pour objectif d’évaluer lestatut épidémiologique de la Bilharziose urogénitale et des géohelminthiases chez les enfants d’âgescolaire de la commune de Sô-Ava, Département de l’Atlantique dans le Sud-Bénin.Méthodologie et Résultats : Le matériel biologique est composé d'urines et de selles provenant de jeunesécoliers âgés de 4 à 8 ans et scolarisés dans les Ecoles Primaires Publiques de Sô-Tchanhoué village, Sô-Tchanhoué Quartier et de Sô-Zounko de la commune de Sô-Ava. Les trois sites de prospection font partiede la commune de Sô-Ava. Six cent quatre échantillons d'urine ont été examinés par la technique defiltration et 363 échantillons de selles examinées par la technique de Kato-Katz. Les résultats d'analyse desurines révèlent les prévalences respectives à S. haematobium de 22,22% (N=153) ; 21,43% (N=182) et46,47% (N=269) dans les trois villages pour une prévalence globale de 32,78% (N= 604) avec autant degarçons que de filles infestés et les enfants de 7 à 8 ans constituent la tranche d’âge la plus touchée. Lesrésultats d'analyse des selles révèlent trois espèces d'helminthes avec une prévalence globale de 12,12%(N=44) de personnes infestées par au moins un des trois parasites Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiuraet Enterobius vermicularis. Aucun oeuf de S. mansoni n’a été observé dans les selles. Les résultatsmontrent enfin que les charges parasitaires de S. haematobium et des géohelminthes étaient plusimportantes chez les enfants de 7 à 8 ans, en particulier chez les garçons. Les prospections malacologiques ont été réalisées afin d’évaluer la diversité malacologique et déterminer les mollusquesimpliqués dans la transmission des schistosomes. Trois espèces de mollusques connues comme hôtesintermédiaires de schistosomes ont été collectées Bulinus forskalii, B. globosus et B. truncatus.Conclusion : Cette étude a permis d’évaluer le niveau d’endémicité de la bilharziose urogénitale et desgéohelminthes au niveau des populations humaines de cette zone lacustre et permet d’envisager lesmoyens adéquats pour le contrôle de ces parasitose