Utilização de Metodologia Ativa de Ensino nas Aulas Práticas de Anatomia

As estratégias pedagógicas adotadas na prática do ensino da Anatomia têm reduzido o processo de aprendizagem à simples memorização da Nomina Anatômica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar a eficácia do emprego de metodologia ativa de ensino nas aulas práticas de Anatomia. Utilizaram-se situações-problema para serem resolvidas em equipe formada por sorteio. Cada equipe recebeu um formulário contendo: enunciados de casos, questões e nomes de estruturas anatômicas. Um tempo foi estabelecido para a resolução dos casos. Ao término de tal período, as equipes apresentaram as respostas de cada situação-problema com mediação do professor. A metodologia em questão tem sido adotada há cinco anos, nos diferentes cursos da área da Saúde. Verificou-se ao longo desse período maior motivação dos estudantes na busca ativa do aprendizado, maior índice de presença em aulas, além do desenvolvimento do espírito de equipe. Em conclusão, a metodologia aplicada nas aulas práticas de Anatomia promoveu resultados positivos em relação às avaliações e, principalmente, na aprendizagem efetiva do conteúdo pelo estudante.The pedagogical strategies adopted in the practice of the teaching of Anatomy have reduced the learning process to the simple memorization of the Anatomical Nomina. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of active teaching methodology in the practical classes of Anatomy. Problems situations were used to be solved in team formed at random. Each team received a form containing: case statements, questions and names of anatomical structures. A time was set for the resolution of cases. At the end of the time the teams expressed the answers of each problem situation with the professor’s mediation. The methodology presented has been adopted five years ago in the different courses in the health area. Throughout this period, there was a greater motivation of the students in the active search for learning, a higher rate of presence in classes, and the development of team spirit. In conclusion, the methodology applied in the practical classes of Anatomy promoted positive results in relation to the evaluations and, mainly, in the effective learning of the content by the student

Efeitos do diabetes induzido pela aloxana e do diabetes espontaneo, sobre o lobo dorsal da prostata e glandula de coagulação de camundongos C57BL/6J e NOD

Orientadores : Armando Mancio de Camargo, Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon QuiteteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaMestrad

Histochemical and ultrastructure of the ventral prostate lobe of rats (rattus norvegicus) submitted to prolonged nicotine use

Orientador: Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon QuiteteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Os efeitos nocivos da nicotina nos diferentes sistemas orgânicos foram relatados em diferentes estudos. Todavia, seus efeitos sobre o sistema genital masculino permanecem obscuros. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as alterações histológicas, histoquimícas e ultra-estruturais associadas ao estudo morfométrico no lobo ventral da próstata de ratos submetidos à administração crônica de nicotina, estabelecer relações entre essas alterações e as doenças píOstáticas e avaliar os níveis de testosteíOna circülantes no soro. Vinte ratos machos Wistar (Rattus norvergicus) foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais: grupo I nicotina que recebeu 0,125mg /100g de peso corpóreo/diariamente de nicotina e o grupo II controle que recebeu solução fisiológica pela mesma via por 90 dias. Após o período experimental, os animais foram anestesiados e os pesos testiculares, da glândula de coagulação e vesícula seminal foram aferidos. Amostras do lobo ventral das próstatas provenientes dos diferentes grupos foram coletadas, processadas e submetidas às análises: histológica, histoquímicas e ultra-estruturais de transmissão e varredura. Os resultados mostraram que os pesos dos testículos, das vesículas seminais e das glândulas coaguladoras não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos experimentais. As células epiteliais secretoras do lobo ventral da próstata apresentaram-se atrofiadas, além da ocorrência de neoplasia intra-epitelial prostática (NIP), presença de micro-ácinos e diminuição da expressão da fosfatase ácida nas regiões supranuc1ear e apical. Também, foi observada desorganização das organelas envolvidas no processo secretor glandular. No estroma, houve aumento das fibras colágenas e reticulares, amplo pregueamento da membrana basal, células musculares lisas com fenótipo secretor. Assim, conclui-se que a nicotina promove drásticas alterações tanto no epitélio secretor como no estroma da próstata ventral, prejudicando o funcionamento da mesma. Além disso, conclui-se que a nicotina é um agente indutor de lesões pré-malignas podendo contribuir como um fator de risco para desenvolvimento de doenças na glândula prostáticaAbstract: The harrnful effects of nicotine on different organ systems have been reported in various experimental and clinical studies. However, its effects on the male genital system remain obscure. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the histological, histochemical and ultrastructural alterations, following by stereology, of the ventral lobe of the prostate of rats submitted to chronic nicotine administration. Also, it was established the relationships between these changes and prostate diseases. Twelve male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided in two experimental groups: group I (nicotine) in wich each rodent, received daily subcutaneously injections of 0.125 mg nicotinell 00 body weight and group II (control) whose rodents received only injections of physiologic saline by the same route for 90 days. Body weight, food and water intake were measured throughout the experimento At the end of the experimental period, the animals were anaesthetized and testicular, coagulation gland and seminal vesicle gland weights were determined. Samples of the ventral prostate obtained ITom the two groups were collected, processed and submitted for histological, histochemical and ultrastructural analyses by transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The results showed no significant differences in testicular, seminal vesicle and coagulation gland weights between the groups. In the nicotine group, the secretory epithelial cells of the ventral lobe of the prostate were atrophied, in addition to the occurrence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, micro-acini and reduced expression of acid phosphatase in the supranuclear and apical cellular regions. Disorganization of organelles involved in the glandular secretory process followed by plasmatic membrane destructuring was also observed. The stroma showed increased collagen and reticular fibers, infolded basal membrane and smooth muscle cells which demonstrated secretory feature. In conclusion, nicotine caused drastic alterations not only in the secretory epithelium but also on the stroma of the ventral prostate lobe, compromising its function. Furtherrnore, nicotine also induced premalignant lesions in the prostatic gland, thus representing a risk factor for the deveIopment of prostate pathlogyDoutoradoAnatomiaDoutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutura

Experimental alcoholism and pathogenesis of prostatic diseases in UChB rats

Previous studies have shown that long-term alcohol treatment has negative effects on prostatic stromal-epithelial interaction. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural alterations that occur in the prostatic stroma and epithelium of rats submitted to chronic alcohol ingestion and alcohol abstinence, as well as to establish the relationship between these changes and prostatic diseases. Thirty male rats (10 Wistar and 20 UChB rats) were divided into three experimental groups: the control group received tap water, the alcoholic group received ethanol diluted to 10 degrees G.L. for 150 days, and the abstinent group received the same liquid diet as the alcoholic group up to 120 days of treatment and only tap water for 30 days thereafter. At the end of treatment, all animals were sacrificed and the ventral lobe of the prostate was removed and processed for histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses. In addition, plasma testosterone levels were measured. The results showed, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, infolding of the epithelium towards the stroma, stromal hypertrophy and the presence of inflammatory cells in alcoholic animals. In the abstinent group, alterations were noted mainly in the stromal area. In conclusion, ethanol triggers alterations in prostatic epithelial and stromal compartments, affecting the stromal microenvironment and predisposing the organ to pathological processes. (C) 2006 International Federation for Cell Biology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved