Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Ecoepidemiologia e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral no município de Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brasil)

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-11-20T18:51:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiana.pdf: 63742461 bytes, checksum: 0ba3064ab0df6fc4dbb19dc66da0ff61 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-11-20T18:51:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiana.pdf: 63742461 bytes, checksum: 0ba3064ab0df6fc4dbb19dc66da0ff61 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-20T18:51:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiana.pdf: 63742461 bytes, checksum: 0ba3064ab0df6fc4dbb19dc66da0ff61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Este estudo foi realizado em Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brasil), área endêmica para Leishmaniose visceral (LV), onde a doença vem se expandindo rapidamente, com 1.612 casos registrados nos últimos 10 anos. Nossa pesquisa avaliou o perfil epidemiológico em duas Áreas de abrangência (AA) dos Centros de Saúde (CS) Miramar e Salgado Filho do município de Belo Horizonte, com transmissão recente de LV, buscando compreender a tríade envolvida na transmissão: parasito-vetor-reservatório. Cada AA foi dividida em três trechos, controle, borrifação e manejo, a fim de avaliar o impacto das medidas de controle no número mensal de Lutzomyia longipalpis, através da curva flebotomínica. Em todos os trechos a captura de flebotomíneos e o inquérito canino censitário foram realizados. Durante 24 meses (setembro/2010 a agosto/2012) foram capturados 5194 flebotomíneos, distribuídos em 6 espécies, sendo Lu. longipalpis, vetora da LV, a espécie predominante (96,54%). Houve uma correlação entre a precipitação pluviométrica e o número de Lu. longipalpis capturados, mostrando que o número de espécimes de flebotomíneos capturados aumentou após o período chuvoso. Através do uso da Leishmania Nested PCR e sequenciamento, foram analisados 93 “pools” espécie-específicos. Leishmania infantum e Le. braziliensis foram encontradas em 23 e em 2 dos 26 “pools” de Lu. longipalpis, respectivamente. O DNA de Le. infantum foi encontrado em um “pool” de cada uma das espécies Lu. lloydi e complexo cortelezzii. A taxa mínima de infecção natural de flebotomíneos na área foi alta, 18,8% para Lu. Longipalpis, 20% para complexo cortelezzii e 100% para Lu. lloydi. Em relação às medidas de controle, observamos uma redução estatisticamente significativa no número de flebotomíneos no trecho manejo ambiental, enquanto houve apenas uma tendência de queda no número de flebotomíneos no trecho borrifação. Em relação ao reservatório doméstico, um total de 1408 cães foram examinados em 2011 através de testes sorológicos; 3,6% apresentaram-se soropositivos para LV canina (LVC). Biópsias de linfonodo, pele, baço e aspirado de medula óssea destes animais foram obtidos e analisados através do diagnóstico parasitológico e molecular. A positividade tanto para mielocultura como para o técnica de aposição em lâmina foi de 72.5%. Todas as amostras de baço mostraram-se positivas para LnPCR, indicando a presença de Le. infantum nas 51 amostras. O linfonodo foi o tecido menos sensível na PCR (57%) em relação aos demais. Cães sintomáticos demonstraram uma tendência a ter mais testes positivos. Nossos resultados mostram que as interfaces parasito-vetor e parasitoreservatório são ativas em áreas de médio risco para transmissão de LV, e que ações eficazes e rápidas devem ser implementadas para controlar a expansão da doença.This study was conducted in Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil), an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), where the disease has been expanding rapidly, with 1,612 cases recorded in the last 10 years. Our research assessed the epidemiological profile in two coverage areas (AA) of the Miramar and Salgado Filho Health Centers (HC) in the city of Belo Horizonte, with recent transmission of VL, willing to understand the triad involved in the transmission: parasite-vector-reservoir. Each AA was divided into three sections, control, spraying and management in order to assess the impact of control measures in the monthly number of Lutzomyia longipalpis through the sand fly curve. In all the sections, the capture of sand flies and canine census survey was conducted. For 24 months (from September / 2010 to August / 2012), 5194 sandflies were captured and distributed into 6 species. Lu. longipalpis, vector of LV, was the predominant species (96.54%). There was a correlation between the precipitation and the number of Lu. longipalpis captured, showing that the number of captured sandflies of specimens increased after the rainy season. With the use of Leishmania nested PCR and sequencing, 93 species-specific "pools" were analyzed. Out of the 26 Lu. longipalpis positive “pools”, Leishmania infantum was found in 23 while Le. braziliensis was found in 2. Le. infantum DNA was found in a "pool" of each species Lu. lloydi and cortelezzii complex. The sand flies natural infection minimum rate in the area was high, 18.8% for Lu. Longipalpis, 20% for cortelezzii complex and 100% for Lu. lloydi. Regarding control measures, we observed a statistically significant reduction in the number of sand flies in the environmental management section, while there was only a decreasing trend in the sand flies number in the spraying section. Concerning the domestic reservoir, 1408 dogs were examined in 2011 by serological tests; 3.6% were positive for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Lymph node biopsies, skin, spleen and bone marrow aspirate were obtained from these animals and analyzed using parasitological and molecular diagnosis. Positivity for both mielocultura as "imprint" was 72.5%. All spleen samples were positive for LnPCR, indicating the presence of Le. infantum in 51 samples. The lymph node was the least sensitive tissue in the PCR (57%), in relation to the others. Symptomatic dogs showed a tendency to have results that are more positive on the tests. Our results show that the vector-parasite and parasite reservoir interfaces are active in areas of medium risk of VL transmission, and rapid and effective actions must be implemented to control the spread of the disease

American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares (Minas Gerais, Brazil): study of reservoirs and vectors

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-05-07T13:26:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) fabiana_oliveira_lara.pdf: 6104490 bytes, checksum: 214342ca3cc2aeed5c1b71efe0154814 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2019-07-31T16:45:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 fabiana_oliveira_lara.pdf: 6104490 bytes, checksum: 214342ca3cc2aeed5c1b71efe0154814 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-31T16:45:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 fabiana_oliveira_lara.pdf: 6104490 bytes, checksum: 214342ca3cc2aeed5c1b71efe0154814 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.No município de Governador Valadares (MG), área endêmica para leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA), foi realizado estudo objetivando conhecer os aspectos ecoepidemiológicos (vetores e possíveis reservatórios) envolvidos na transmissão da doença. Para o levantamento entomológico e identificação de repasto sanguíneo foram realizadas capturas de flebotomíneos nos bairros: Village da Serra, Vila Parque Ibituruna, Vila Isa e Elvamar, no período de 01 a 12/2008. O repasto foi identificado através da reação de precipitina. Para o estudo de infecção natural de flebotomíneos, foram selecionados bairros onde foram registrados casos humanos de LTA; as capturas foram feitas em meses dos anos de 2009 e 2010. Para as capturas sistemáticas e não-sistemáticas, foram utilizadas armadilhas luminosas HP, tanto no peri como no intradomicílio. A correlação entre pluviosidade, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura e o número de flebotomíneos foi realizada no ano de 2008. A captura de pequenos mamíferos para levantamento da fauna e detecção de infecção natural foi feita em meses dos anos de 2008 e 2010, utilizando 40 armadilhas em dois pontos por bairro. A detecção de DNA de Leishmania spp. e identificação da espécie do parasito nos flebotomíneos e em amostras de tecido e sangue de mamíferos foi realizada através da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e sequenciamento de DNA, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que a fauna de flebotomíneos é diversificada, com presença de 12 espécies (2 do gênero Brumptomyia e 10 do gênero Lutzomyia) . Exemplares de interesse epidemiológico foram encontrados, com predominância de Lutzomyia intermedia (29,9%). Foram capturados 65% das espécies no peri e 35% no intradomicílio. A maioria dos flebotomíneos foram ecléticos quanto ao padrão alimentar, se alimentando preferencialmente em aves (35,8%). A análise dos fatores climáticos demonstrou correlação significativa entre pluviosidade e umidade, e o número de flebotomíneos. Foram capturados 32 exemplares de mamíferos (23 roedores e 9 marsupiais). As análises moleculares mostraram infecção natural por Leishmania chagasi em 2 “pools” de L. longipalpis e no sangue de 1 exemplar de Rattus norvegicus. Estes dados, aliados à presença do vetor competente da LTA, L. intermedia em elevada densidade, e os estudos das variáveis climáticas, alertam para a necessidade de vigilância epidemiológica e aplicação de medidas de controle tanto para LTA como para LVA.In the city of Governador Valadares (MG), an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), a study was conducted to study ecoepidemiological aspects (vectors and possible reservoirs) involved in disease transmission. For the entomological survey and identification of blood feeding, sand flies captures were performed in the neighborhoods: Village da Serra, Vila Parque Ibituruna, Vila Isa and Elvamar from 01 to 12/2008. The blood meal was identified by the precipitin reaction. For the study of natural infection of sand flies, neighborhoods where human cases of ACL were recorded were selected; the captures were made in months of 2009 and 2010. For the systematic and non-systematic captures, HP light traps were used both in peridomicile and indoors. The correlation between rainfall, relative humidity and temperature and number of sand flies was carried out in 2008. The capture of small mammals for fauna survey and detection of natural infection was made in months of 2008 and 2010 using 40 traps in two sites in the neighborhood. The detection of Leishmania spp.’ DNA and the identifying of the parasite species in sand flies and in tissue samples and mammals’ blood was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, respectively. The results showed that the phlebotomine fauna is diverse, with the presence of 12 species (2 of the Bruptomyia genus and 10 of the Lutzomyia genus). Specimens of epidemiological interest were found, with predominance of Lutzomyia intermedia (29,9%). We captured 65% of species in peridomicile and 35% indoors. Most sand flies were eclectic regarding the food habit, feeding mainly on birds (35,8%). The analysis of climatic factors showed a significant correlation between rainfall and humidity, and the number of sand flies. We captured 32 specimens of mammals (23 rodents and 9 marsupials). Molecular analysis showed natural infection by Leishmania chagasi in two pools of L. longipalpis and the blood of a specimen of Rattus norvegicus. These data, combined with the presence of the competent vector of ACL, L. intermedia in high density, and studies of climatic variables, highlight the need for epidemiological surveillance and implementing control measures for both ACL and AVL

Ecology of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of leishmaniasis occurrence in the Xakriabá Indigenous Reserve, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is a complex vector-borne infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites in the genus Leishmania and spread by hematophagous phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae). The aim of this study was to investigate the phlebotomine fauna, endophily and exophily of the species found, and possible influence of climatic factors on their populations. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Xakriabá Indigenous Reserve (XIR) in the municipality of São João das Missões in northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Insects were collected over three consecutive nights in the last week of each month for 12 months from July 2015 to May 2016 from four houses in four different villages. Two traps were set up in each house: one in the intra-domicile and another in the peri-domicile. RESULTS: A total of 2,012 phlebotomine sand fly specimens representing 23 species and belonging to 10 different genera were captured and identified. Among the studied villages, Riacho do Brejo showed the highest density and diversity of phlebotomine sand flies. The species Lutzomyia longipalpis (80.3%) and Nyssomyia intermedia (7.3%), which are major vectors of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, had the highest population densities, both in the intra- and peri-domicile. No correlation was observed between climatic factors and the density of phlebotomine sand flies. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study may contribute to a better understanding and targeting of the measures for preventing and controlling leishmaniasis by the authorities responsible for indigenous health

Natural infection with Leishmania infantum chagasi in Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) sandflies captured in the municipality of Janaúba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2014-11-26T15:39:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 . Infecção natural de Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis.pdf: 361944 bytes, checksum: e7eefa463d6c15268a188569d3c88e2d (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2014-11-26T15:48:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 . Infecção natural de Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis.pdf: 361944 bytes, checksum: e7eefa463d6c15268a188569d3c88e2d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-26T15:48:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 . Infecção natural de Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis.pdf: 361944 bytes, checksum: e7eefa463d6c15268a188569d3c88e2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Parasitologia. Laboratório de Leishmanioses e Vacinas. Belo Horizonte, MGFundação Ezequiel Dias. Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. Serviço de Biologia Molecular I. Belo Horizonte, MGUniversidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Diamantina, MG.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG.Introdução: A leishmaniose visceral tem sido notificada em quase todos os estados do Brasil, e principalmente no norte de Minas Gerais, onde a doença é endêmica. Este estudo visou detectar a infecção natural de Lutzomyia longipalpis e identificar através da técnica de PCR/RFLP a espécie de Leishmania encontrada nos flebotomíneos do município de Janaúba. Métodos: Utilizando-se armadilhas luminosas, foram capturadas 1.550 fêmeas de L. longipalpis, que agrupadas em pool de 10 exemplares foram submetidas à extração e amplificação de DNA, através das técnicas de PCR genérico e cacofonia. Resultados: Dos 155 pools, seis apresentaram-se positivos para Leishmania sp., sendo a taxa de infecção do município de 3,9%. Através da PCR/RFLP determinou-se que o padrão de digestão das amostras positivas foi semelhante ao da cepa referência Leishmania chagasi (MHOM/BR/74/PP75). Conclusões: A detecção de infecção natural associada a estudos sobre a epidemiologia da LV sugere que L. longipalpis esteja envolvida na transmissão de L. infantum chagasi em Janaúba, principalmente nas áreas de intensa transmissão de LV.Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis has been notified in nearly all states of Brazil, and particularly in the north of Minas Gerais, where the disease is endemic. The aim of this study was to detect natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis and, through the PCR/RFLP technique, identify Leishmania species found in sandflies in the municipality of Janaúba. Methods: Using light traps, 1,550 females of L. longipalpis were caught and grouped into pools of 10 specimens to be subjected to DNA extraction and amplification, by means of generic PCR and cacophony. Results: Out of the 155 pools, six were positive for Leishmania sp., and thus the infection rate in the municipality was 3.9%. Through PCR/RFLP, the digestion pattern among the positive samples was found to be similar to that of the reference strain of Leishmania chagasi (MHOM/BR/74/PP75). Conclusions: The detection of natural infection associated with studies on the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis suggests that L. longipalpis is involved in transmission of L. infantum chagasi in Janaúba, particularly in areas of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis

Climate Profiles in Brazilian Microregions

Brazil’s territory is considerably large and characterized by a variety of climate patterns, which allows the identification of regional climate specificities. The objective of this study was to identify a typology of climatic characteristics for the microregions of Brazil using the grade of membership (GoM) method, which is a multivariate technique based on the fuzzy sets theory. The meteorological variables used were: precipitation (mm), relative humidity (%), maximum and minimum temperature (°C) and wind speed (m/s), obtained from the interpolated database elaborated by Xavier comprising the period from January 1981 to December 2013. Three predominant homoclimatic profiles were found. The GoM method also allowed the identification of five mixed profiles, which is unprecedent in studies in Brazil and corroborates the regional climate diversity in the country. Furthermore, the heterogeneities of Brazilian climates could be better outlined. The extreme profiles—“predominant 1—P1”, “predominant 2—P2” and “predominant 3—P3”—accounted for 42.9% (236) of the total microregions. Additionally, approximately half (53.9%) of the microregions were classified as featuring characteristics of at least two profiles—that is, they presented mixed profiles with hybrid characteristics. These hybrid microregions were located mostly at transition zones between climates

Flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em Governador Valadares, área de transmissão de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2014-08-01T17:54:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera.pdf: 953945 bytes, checksum: f27816a8d97cc624abb12b29dbb77449 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-01T17:54:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera.pdf: 953945 bytes, checksum: f27816a8d97cc624abb12b29dbb77449 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Diamantina, MG, Brasil/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilSecretaria Municipal de Saúde. Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Governador Valadares, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilINTRODUÇÃO: Um estudo da fauna de flebotomíneos foi realizado em uma área endêmica para leishmaniose tegumentar americana no município de Governador Valadares, no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Capturas foram feitas com armadilhas luminosas HP em quatro bairros, três noites por mês, durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2008. A correlação entre fatores climáticos (temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e pluviosidade) e o número de flebotomíneos coletados foi avaliada. RESULTADOS: Foram capturados 5.413 espécimes de flebotomíneos, distribuídos em 12 espécies, sendo 2.851 (52%) fêmeas e 2.562 (48%) machos. CONCLUSÕES: Lutzomyia intermedia foi predominante com 29,9% das espécies capturadas, sugerindo ser a responsável pela transmissão de LTA, juntamente com L. whitmani, que também foi encontrada na região (4,3%). A presença de L. longipalpis (11,9%), principal vetor de LV no Brasil, é um dado relevante tornando-se necessário uma rigorosa vigilância entomológica na região.INTRODUCTION: A study on the phlebotomine sandfly fauna was carried out in an endemic area for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Governador Valadares, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Captures were undertaken using HP light traps in four districts, on three nights per month, for one year (from January to December 2008). Correlations between climatic factors (temperature, relative air humidity and rainfall) and the numbers of sandflies collected was observed. RESULTS: 5,413 phlebotomine specimens were caught and were identified as belonging to 12 species. Of these specimens, 2,851 (52%) were females and 2,562 (48%) were males. CONCLUSIONS: Lutzomyia intermedia predominated (29.9% of the species caught), thus suggesting that they were responsible for transmission of American tegumentary leishmaniasis, together with L. whitmani, which was also found in the area (4.3%). The presence of L. longipalpis (11.9%), the main vector for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, is an important finding, which makes rigorous entomological surveillance of the area necessar

Estudo eco-epidemiológico da fauna flebotomínica e dos aspectos ambientais relacionados à transmissão das leishmanioses em um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2015-2016

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2020-02-17T18:19:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eco-epidemiological study on sandflies .pdf: 469276 bytes, checksum: b5f91262094ec8987d2446800f196a09 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2020-02-17T18:25:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Eco-epidemiological study on sandflies .pdf: 469276 bytes, checksum: b5f91262094ec8987d2446800f196a09 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-17T18:25:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eco-epidemiological study on sandflies .pdf: 469276 bytes, checksum: b5f91262094ec8987d2446800f196a09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte. Secretaria de Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte. Secretaria de Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Estado de Minas Gerais. Fundação Ezequiel Dias. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte. Secretaria de Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Objetivou-se avaliar a fauna vetorial e os aspectos ambientais e climáticos relacionados à transmissão das leishmanioses. Foi realizado um estudo eco-epidemiológico prospectivo de coleta sistemática de flebotomíneos e inquérito censitário sorológico canino em áreas de um município do Brasil. Para determinar a taxa de prevalência de LVC, foram examinadas amostras de sangue de 1752 cães. Na avaliação entomológica, foram instaladas 24 armadilhas luminosas em 12 residências distribuídas, instaladas no ambiente de peridomicílio e intradomicílio durante 12 meses. Para análise dos aspectos climáticos, utilizou-se a correlação simples de Spearman e para análise espacial foram utilizadas a Lógica Fuzzy e a Função K. A taxa de prevalência em cães foi de 4,1% e 7,1%. No estudo entomológico, foram capturados 431 flebotomíneos. A maior parte (74%) dos espécimes foi capturada no peridomicílio. Em relação à infecção natural, 5,6 % das amostras analisadas por biologia molecular apresentaram positividade à infecção por Leishmania spp.. Em 100% das amostras positivas, encontrou-se infecção por Leishmania infantum. Na análise espacial uma Área apresentou maior concentração de pontos de sobreposição de alta densidade de Lutzomyia longipalpis e cães sororreagentes, indicando maior risco na ocorrência concomitante dos dois eventos. Os resultados mostram que a interface parasito-reservatório-vetor está ativa nas áreas estudadas.The aim of this study was to evaluate Leishmania vectors and investigate the environmental and climatic characteristics related to their transmission. This was a prospective eco-epidemiological study involving the systematic collection of sandflies and a canine serological survey in areas of municipality in Brazil. Blood samples from 1,752 dogs were examined to test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL). An entomological evaluation was carried out using 24 light traps in the peridomicile and intradomicile areas of 12 households for 12 months. Climate variables were analyzed using a simple Spearman correlation and a spatial analysis via the fuzzy logic method and K function. The prevalence rate of canine VL was 4.1% and 7.1% in the two areas that were studied, respectively. The entomological study resulted in the capture of 431 sandflies. Most (74%) of the specimens were captured in the peridomiciliary area, and 5.6% of the samples that were analyzed using molecular biology were positive for Leishmania spp. In particular, Leishmania infantum was found in 100% of the positive samples. The spatial analysis showed that one particular area presented a higher concentration of high-density overlapping points of Lutzomyia longipalpis and seropositive dog populations, indicating a higher risk of the concomitant occurrence of both events. The results show that a parasite-reservoir-vector interface is active in the studied areas