Compressive strength and elastic modulus of Comet 67P interpreted from a material science point of view

The analysis of Cometary Acoustic Surface Sounding Experiment (CASSE) data yielded values of surface compression strength and elastic modulus at the landing site Agilkia. These data are interpreted with fracture mechanical concepts from material science taking into account the high porosity of Comet 67P

Ausgewählte modale passiversatzkonstruktionen in der geschriebenen wissenschaftssprache : eine korpusbasierte studie

Orientador: Prª Drª. Ruth BohunovskyCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Christian FandrychDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa: Curitiba, /0/2017Inclui referênciasLinha de pesquisa: Alemão como Língua EstrangeiraResumo: Este trabalho visa analisar o uso e as funções de certas construções com semântica passiva e modal no alemão científico, mais precisamente sich + lassen + infinitivo e adjetivos com o sufixo -bar, ambos pertencentes ao grupo de Passiversatzkonstruktionen. Estes são comparados com o Vorgangspassiv + verbo modal können, representando a passiva analítica. A voz passiva é vista como uma caraterística da língua científica, pois representa uma estratégia de impessoalidade e neutralidade. Nas gramáticas e manuais de redação científica se encontra uma aceitação acrítica destacando a permutabilidade das Passiversatzkonstruktionen; consenso que esse trabalho desafia. Para realização desta pesquisa foi criado um corpus consistindo de doze artigos científicos e foi executado uma análise qualitativa das construções modais-passivas encontradas. Para obter uma impressão da permutabilidade uma seleção de exemplos foi avaliada por seis especialistas quanto à sua aceitabilidade. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese sobre a existência de diferenças semânticas, estilísticas e funcionais nas formas escolhidas que deveriam fazer parte do ensino do alemão científico. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Alemão científico, voz passiva, gramática funcional, impessoalidade no discurso científico, linguística de corpusAbstract: This paper aims at the comparative analysis of pragmatic use and function of certain syntactic constructions with passive and modal meaning in scientific German, more precisely sich + lassen + infinitive and adjectives with suffix -bar, both belonging to the group of so called Passiversatzkonstruktionen. The analytic passive form Vorgangspassiv + modal verb können serves as the point of comparison. Passive voice is known as a typical characteristic of scientific language as it allows objectivity by avoiding the use of agents. So far grammars as well as guides to scientific writing have treated this topic in an uncritical manner, stating the interchangeability of all Passiversatzkonstruktionen; a consensus that is being questioned in this paper. The data being analyzed using the qualitative method is taken from a corpus containing twelve academic articles. To gain an impression of the exchangeability of the three modal-passive forms a range of examples were judged by experts in terms of acceptability. Results of this study show semantic, stylistic and functional differences between the chosen passive constructions that should have effects in the way this topic is treated in the teaching of scientific German. KEY WORDS: Scientific German, passive voice, functional grammar, objectivity in academic discourse, corpus linguistic

SAIPy: A Python Package for single station Earthquake Monitoring using Deep Learning

Seismology has witnessed significant advancements in recent years with the application of deep learning methods to address a broad range of problems. These techniques have demonstrated their remarkable ability to effectively extract statistical properties from extensive datasets, surpassing the capabilities of traditional approaches to an extent. In this study, we present SAIPy, an open source Python package specifically developed for fast data processing by implementing deep learning. SAIPy offers solutions for multiple seismological tasks, including earthquake detection, magnitude estimation, seismic phase picking, and polarity identification. We introduce upgraded versions of previously published models such as CREIMERT capable of identifying earthquakes with an accuracy above 99.8 percent and a root mean squared error of 0.38 unit in magnitude estimation. These upgraded models outperform state of the art approaches like the Vision Transformer network. SAIPy provides an API that simplifies the integration of these advanced models, including CREIMERT, DynaPickerv2, and PolarCAP, along with benchmark datasets. The package has the potential to be used for real time earthquake monitoring to enable timely actions to mitigate the impact of seismic events. Ongoing development efforts aim to enhance the performance of SAIPy and incorporate additional features that enhance exploration efforts, and it also would be interesting to approach the retraining of the whole package as a multi-task learning problem

Deriving alpha angle from anterior-posterior dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans : an automated and validated approach

Grant information: RE, MF, FS are supported by, and this work is funded by a Wellcome Trust collaborative award (209233). BGF is supported by a Medical Research Council (MRC) clinical research training fellowship (MR/S021280/1). BGF, MF, JHT, GDS work in the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, which is supported by the MRC (MC_UU_00011/1). CL was funded by the MRC, UK (MR/S00405X/1).Non peer reviewedPublisher PD

Strong Balmer lines in old stellar populations: No need for young ages in ellipticals?

Comparing models of Simple Stellar Populations (SSP) with observed line strengths generally provides a tool to break the age-metallicity degeneracy in elliptical galaxies. Due to the wide range of Balmer line strengths observed, ellipticals have been interpreted to exhibit an appreciable scatter in age. In this paper, we analyze Composite Stellar Population models with a simple mix of an old metal-rich and an old metal-poor component. We show that these models simultaneously produce strong Balmer lines and strong metallic lines without invoking a young population. The key to this result is that our models are based on SSPs that better match the steep increase of Hbeta in metal-poor globular clusters than models in the literature. Hence, the scatter of Hbeta observed in cluster and luminous field elliptical galaxies can be explained by a spread in the metallicity of old stellar populations. We check our model with respect to the so-called G-dwarf problem in ellipticals. For a galaxy subsample covering a large range in UV-V colors we demonstrate that the addition of an old metal-poor subcomponent does not invalidate other observational constraints like colors and the flux in the mid-UV.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Main Journal, 9 pages, 5 figure

Endurance training provokes Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy phenotype in heterozygous Desmoglein 2 mutants:Alleviation by preload reduction

Desmoglein-2 mutations are detected in 5–10% of patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Endurance training accelerates the development of the ARVC phenotype, leading to earlier arrhythmic events. Homozygous Dsg2 mutant mice develop a severe ARVC-like phenotype. The phenotype of heterozygous mutant (Dsg2mt/wt) or haploinsufficient (Dsg20/wt) mice is still not well understood. To assess the effects of age and endurance swim training, we studied cardiac morphology and function in sedentary one-year-old Dsg2mt/wt and Dsg20/wt mice and in young Dsg2mt/wt mice exposed to endurance swim training. Cardiac structure was only occasionally affected in aged Dsg20/wt and Dsg2mt/wt mice manifesting as small fibrotic foci and displacement of Connexin 43. Endurance swim training increased the right ventricular (RV) diameter and decreased RV function in Dsg2mt/wt mice but not in wild types. Dsg2mt/wt hearts showed increased ventricular activation times and pacing-induced ventricular arrhythmia without obvious fibrosis or inflammation. Preload-reducing therapy during training prevented RV enlargement and alleviated the electrophysiological phenotype. Taken together, endurance swim training induced features of ARVC in young adult Dsg2mt/wt mice. Prolonged ventricular activation times in the hearts of trained Dsg2mt/wt mice are therefore a potential mechanism for increased arrhythmia risk. Preload-reducing therapy prevented training-induced ARVC phenotype pointing to beneficial treatment options in human patients

Understanding the Astrophysics of Galaxy Evolution: the role of spectroscopic surveys in the next decade

Over the last decade optical spectroscopic surveys have characterized the low redshift galaxy population and uncovered populations of star-forming galaxies back to z ~ 7. This work has shown that the primary epoch of galaxy building and black hole growth occurs at redshifts of 2 to 3. The establishment of the concordance LCDM cosmology shifted the focus of galaxy population studies from constraining cosmological parameters to characterizing the processes which regulate the formation and evolution of galaxies.In the next decade, high redshift observers will attempt to formulate a coherent evolutionary picture connecting galaxies in the high redshift Universe to galaxies today. In order to link galaxy populations at different redshifts, we must not only characterize their evolution in a systematic way, we must establish which physical processes are responsible for it. Considerable progress has already been made in understanding how galaxies evolved from z ~ 1 to the present day. Large spectroscopic surveys in the near infrared are required to push these studies back towards the main epoch of galaxy building. Only then will we understand the full story of the formation of L* galaxies like our own Milky Way. A large near-IR spectroscopic survey will also provide the calibration needed to avoid systematics in the large photometric programs proposed to study the nature of dark matter and dark energy. We provide an outline design for a multi-object 0.4 to 1.8 micron spectrograph, which could be placed on an existing telescope, and which would allow a full characterization of the galaxy population out to z ~ 2. We strongly recommend a serious further study to design a real instrument, which will be required for galaxy formation studies to advance to the next frontier.Comment: White paper, primary author J.E. Gunn, submitted to Astro2010 Decadal Survey, see http://www7.nationalacademies.org/bpa/Astro2010_SWP_byTitle.htm