Vortex structures of rotating spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

We consider the quasi-2D two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling in a rotating trap. An external Zeeman term favoring spin polarization along the radial direction is also considered, which has the same form as the non-canonical part of the mechanical angular momentum. The rotating condensate exhibits rich structures as varying the strengths of trapping potential and interaction. With a strong trapping potential, the condensate exhibits a half-quantum vortex-lattice configuration. Such a configuration is driven to the normal one by introducing the external radial Zeeman field. In the case of a weak trap potential, the condensate exhibits a multi-domain pattern of plane-wave states under the external radial Zeeman field.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, two figures are adde

A Scenario on the Stepwise Evolution of the Genetic Code

It is believed that in the RNA world the operational (ribozymes) and the informational (riboscripts) RNA molecules were created with only three (adenosine, uridine, and guanosine) and two (adenosine and uridine) nucleosides, respectively, so that the genetic code started uncomplicated. Ribozymes subsequently evolved to be able to cut and paste themselves and riboscripts were acceptive to rigorous editing (adenosine to inosine); the intensive diversification of RNA molecules shaped novel cellular machineries that are capable of polymerizing amino acids—a new type of cellular building materials for life. Initially, the genetic code, encoding seven amino acids, was created only to distinguish purine and pyrimidine; it was later expanded in a stepwise way to encode 12, 15, and 20 amino acids through the relief of guanine from its roles as operational signals and through the recruitment of cytosine. Therefore, the maturation of the genetic code also coincided with (1) the departure of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) from the primordial translation machinery, (2) the replacement of informational RNA by DNA, and (3) the co-evolution of AARSs and their cognate tRNAs. This model predicts gradual replacements of RNA-made molecular mechanisms, cellular processes by proteins, and informational exploitation by DNA

Gravitational waves from axions annihilation through quantum field theory

We use the scattering method to calculate the gravitational wave from axions annihilation in the axion cloud formed by the superradiance process around the Kerr black hole. We consider axions annihilating to gravitons as a three-body decay process and then calculate the corresponding decay width. In this approach, we can simply obtain the radiation power of gravitational wave and give the analytical approximate result with the spin effects of the Kerr black hole. Our study can also provide a cross-check to the numerical results in the traditional method.Comment: Published version in Physical Review

Apoptosis induction of epifriedelinol on human cervical cancer cell line

Background: Present investigation evaluates the antitumor activity of epifriedelinol for the management of cervical cancer by inducing process of apoptosis.Methods: Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line, C33A and HeLa were selected for study and treated with epifriedelinol at a concentration of (50-1000 μg/ml). Cytotoxicity of epifriedelinol was estimated by MTT assay and induction of apoptosis was assessed by estimating the activity of caspase 3, 8 and 9 enzyme, apoptosis assay and translocation of cytochrome c. Moreover an expression of several proteins that plays role in the apoptosis process was estimated by western blot method.Results: Result of the study suggested that treatment with epifriedelinol significantly decrease the viability count of cancerous cell in a dose perndent manner and also enhances the formation of oligonucleosome in both the cell lines. However activity of caspase enzymes and translocation of cytochrome c were enhanced after treatment with epifriedelinol. It was also observed that epifriedelinol treatment alters the ratio of pro-apoptotic to anti-apoptotic proteins and enhances the expressions of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP).Conclusion: Result of our study proves the anticancer activity of epifriedelinol in cervical cancer by inducing apoptosis as treatment with it enhances the production of oligonucleosomes, translocation of cytochrome c and activity caspase enzymes.Keywords: Epifriedelinol, cervical cancer, Apoptosis, MTT assay, C33A and HeL

Apigenin exerts anticancer effects on human cervical cancer cells via induction of apoptosis and regulation of Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway

Purpose: To investigate the anticancer activity of apigenin on human cervical cancer cells.Methods: The anti-proliferative effects of apigenin on HeLa cervical cancer cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- )-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and clonogenic assays, while its effect on apoptosis was assayed by DAPI and annexin V/PI double staining. Expression of proteins was assessed by immunoblotting.Results: Apigenin exerted anticancer effects on HeLa cervical cancer cells with an IC50 of 15 μM, and also reduced the colony formation of HeLa cells. These antiproliferative effects were due to induction of apoptosis as indicated by DAPI and annexin V/PI staining. Apigenin altered Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, thereby triggering apoptosis, and also inhibited the Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway.Conclusion: These results indicate that apigenin suppresses the growth of cervical cancer cells and may prove to be an important molecule for the treatment of cervical cancer.Keywords: Cervical cancer, Apigenin, Apoptosis, Ba

Nano-Hertz stochastic gravitational wave background as hints of ultralight axion particles

Recently, the Hellings Downs correlation has been observed by different pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, such as NANOGrav, European PTA, Parkes PTA, and Chinese PTA. These experimental studies through PTA of the most precise pulsars within the Milky Way show the first robust evidence for the stochastic gravitational wave background of our Universe. We study the ultralight axion interpretation of the new discovery by investigating the gravitational wave from the energy-level transition of the gravitational atoms, which is composed of cosmic populated Kerr black holes and their surrounding axion clouds from the superradiance process. We demonstrate that this new observation admits an axion interpretation for the ultralight axion mass in the range $10^{-21}\sim 10^{-20}$~eV.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Robust Optimization Design of Bolt-Shotcrete Support Structure in Tunnel

The uncertainty of rock and soil parameters is one of the key problems to limit the stability of tunnel support structure. Based on this, a robust optimization design method is proposed to reduce the sensitivity of support system to the uncertainty of rock and soil parameters. By defining the design parameters, noise factors and system response, a robust design system for bolt-shotcrete support structure is established. The non-dominant solutions of system robustness and support cost consist of the Pareto Front, then an knee point recognition method is designed to further filter all non-dominant solutions and determine the only optimal solution. The robust optimization design of the bolt-shotcrete support structure is carried out with a tunnel as the engineering background. The results show that the method can not only improve the stability and adaptability of the supporting structure, but also reduce the economic cost to the greatest extent, which provides a reference for the optimization design of other geotechnical engineering supporting structures

Is the formal energy of the mid-point rule convergent?

AbstractWe obtain some formulae for calculation of the coefficients of four special types of terms in τ2k, k = 1, 2, … (1−1 corresponding to four type of (2k + 1)-vertex free unlabeled trees, k = 1, 2, …, respectively), for a fixed step size τ, in the tree-expansion of the formal energy of the mid-point rule. And, we give an estimate of the difference between the formal energy H and the standard Hamiltonian H in some domain Ω under the assumptions 1.(i)|H is smooth and bounded in Ω, and2.(ii)|the absolute values of the coefficients of the terms in τ2k are uniformly bounded by ησ2k for some constants η ≥ 1, σ > 0 and for any k ≥ 1

A Decentralized Fault Section Location Method Using Autoencoder and Feature Fusion in Resonant Grounding Distribution Systems

In industrial applications, the existing fault location methods of resonant grounding distribution systems suffer from low accuracy due to excessive dependence on communication, lack of field data, difficulty in artificial feature extraction and threshold setting, etc. To address these problems, this study proposes a decentralized fault section location method, which is implemented by the primary and secondary fusion intelligent switch (PSFIS) with two preloaded algorithms: autoencoder (AE) and backpropagation neural network. The relation between the transient zero-sequence current and the derivative of the transient zero-sequence voltage in each section is analyzed, and its features are extracted adaptively by using AE, without acquiring network parameters or setting thresholds. The current and voltage data are processed locally at PSFISs throughout the whole procedure, making it is insusceptible to communication failure or delay. The feasibility and effectiveness of the approach are investigated in PSCAD/EMTDC and real-time digital simulation system, which is then validated by field data. Compared with other methods, the experiment results indicate that the proposed method performs well in various scenarios with strong robustness to harsh on-site environment and roughness of data