10 research outputs found

    Ecological commonalities among pelagic fishes: comparison of freshwater ciscoes and marine herring and sprat

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    Systematic comparisons of the ecology between functionally similar fish species from freshwater and marine aquatic systems are surprisingly rare. Here, we discuss commonalities and differences in evolutionary history, population genetics, reproduction and life history, ecological interactions, behavioural ecology and physiological ecology of temperate and Arctic freshwater coregonids (vendace and ciscoes, Coregonus spp.) and marine clupeids (herring, Clupea harengus, and sprat, Sprattus sprattus). We further elucidate potential effects of climate warming on these groups of fish based on the ecological features of coregonids and clupeids documented in the previous parts of the review. These freshwater and marine fishes share a surprisingly high number of similarities. Both groups are relatively short-lived, pelagic planktivorous fishes. The genetic differentiation of local populations is weak and seems to be in part correlated to an astonishing variability of spawning times. The discrete thermal window of each species influences habitat use, diel vertical migrations and supposedly also life history variations. Complex life cycles and preference for cool or cold water make all species vulnerable to the effects of global warming. It is suggested that future research on the functional interdependence between spawning time, life history characteristics, thermal windows and genetic differentiation may profit from a systematic comparison of the patterns found in either coregonids or clupeids

    Finite element method for evaluating rising and slip of column–base plate for usual connections

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    Предложена конечноэлементная методика расчета деформирования и относительного проскальзывания креплений стальной колонны кжелезобетонному основанию. Рассмотрены два случая крепления: пластина приваривается к торцу колонны и крепится двумя или четырьмя анкерными болтами к железобетонному основанию. В конечноэлементной модели с использованием модифицированного метода Лагранжа учитывается растрескивание бетонного основания и эффекты трения. Деформирование бетонного основания описывается с помощью упругопластической модели сжатия материала. По результатам расчетов построены диаграммы перемещений элементов крепления.Запропоновано скінченноелементну методику розрахунку деформування і відносного проковзування кріплень стальної колони до залізобетонної основи. Розглянуто два випадки кріплення: пластина приварюється до торця колони і кріпиться двома або чотирма анкерними болтами до залізобетонної основи. У скінченноелементній моделі з використанням модифікованого методу Лагранжа враховується розтріскування бетонної основи й ефекти тертя. Деформування бетонної основи описується за допомогоюпружно-пластичної моделі стиску матеріалу. За результатами розрахунків побудовано діаграми переміщень елементів кріплення

    Passive Smoking

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    Marine invasion genomics: Revealing ecological and evolutionary consequences of biological invasions

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    Genomic approaches are increasingly being used to study biological invasions. Here, we first analyse how high-throughput sequencing has aided our understanding of the mechanisms associated with biological invasions. These include the transport of propagules to pre-invaded areas, an exploration of the consequences of hybridisation during range expansions, and the pre- and post- invasion adaptation of colonising populations. We then explore how contemporary genomic methods have been used to probe and monitor the spread of non-indigenous species. More specifically, we focus on the detection of species richness from environmental samples, measures of quantitative traits that may promote invasive- ness, analysis of rapid adaptation, and the study of phenotypic plasticity. Finally, we look to the future, exploring how genomic approaches will assist future biodiversity conservationists in their efforts to mitigate the spread and effects of biological invasions. Ultimately, although the use of genomic tools to study non-indigenous species has so far been rather limited, studies to date indicate that genomic tools offer unparalleled research opportunities to continually improve our understanding of marine biological invasion

    Barriers of Influenza Vaccination Intention and Behavior – A Systematic Review of Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy, 2005 – 2016

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