3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid, a Major Constituent of Brazilian Propolis, Increases TRAIL Expression and Extends the Lifetimes of Mice Infected with the Influenza A Virus

Brazilian green propolis water extract (PWE) and its chemical components, caffeoylquinic acids, such as 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-diCQA), act against the influenza A virus (IAV) without influencing the viral components. Here, we evaluated the anti-IAV activities of these compounds in vivo. PWE or PEE (Brazilian green propolis ethanol extract) at a dose of 200 mg/kg was orally administered to Balb/c mice that had been inoculated with IAV strain A/WSN/33. The lifetimes of the PWE-treated mice were significantly extended compared to the untreated mice. Moreover, oral administration of 3,4-diCQA, a constituent of PWE, at a dose of 50 mg/kg had a stronger effect than PWE itself. We found that the amount of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mRNA in the mice that were administered 3,4-diCQA was significantly increased compared to the control group, while H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) mRNA was slightly decreased. These data indicate that PWE, PEE or 3,4-diCQA possesses a novel and unique mechanism of anti-influenza viral activity, that is, enhancing viral clearance by increasing TRAIL

経年別教育プログラムの検討 : 病院看護師の教育ニードと必要と認識する研修内容の分析より

本研究の目的は、本学と提携するA病院に勤務する看護師の教育ニード及び、看護師らが必要と考える研修に対する認識を明らかにし、院内教育プログラムへの示唆を得ることである。教育ニードアセスメントツール(臨床看護師用)及び、A病院の教育担当者らが検討した研修項目の必要性を問う質問紙を用いた。分析対象はA病院の看護師360名で、調査の結果、看護師全体の学習ニードは中得点領域に相当し、病院に勤務する看護専門職者として平均的な状態にあり、「主体的に学習・研究を行い、看護専門職者としての発達を志向する」教育ニードが最も高かった。看護師が必要と認識している研修は、「医療・看護経済」、「論文の書き方」、「看護研究」などであった。経年別では、経験1年目に次いで3年目に学習ニードが高く、10年目以降では有意に学習ニードが低かった。経験10年目以降の者は、ターミナルケアやスキンケアなどに加えて基本的な知識や技術などの研修の必要性を強く認識していた。経験3年目に学習ニードが一時的に下がる傾向にあることから、経験2～3年目にかけての教育プログラムの改善や経験10年目以上への看護の専門性を追求できる教育プログラムの充実の必要性が示唆された

Nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the surveillance committee of Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and the Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology in 2010: General view of the pathogens\u27 antibacterial susceptibility

The nationwide surveillance on antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens from patients in Japan, was conducted by Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases and Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology in 2010.The isolates were collected from clinical specimens obtained from well-diagnosed adult patients with respiratory tract infections during the period from January and April 2010 by three societies. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted at the central reference laboratory according to the method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institutes using maximum 45 antibacterial agents.Susceptibility testing was evaluable with 954 strains (206 Staphylococcus aureus, 189 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 Streptococcus pyogenes, 182 Haemophilus influenzae, 74 Moraxella catarrhalis, 139 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 160 Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Ratio of methicillin-resistant S.aureus was as high as 50.5%, and those of penicillin-intermediate and -resistant S.pneumoniae were 1.1% and 0.0%, respectively. Among H.influenzae, 17.6% of them were found to be β-lactamase-non-producing ampicillin (ABPC)-intermediately resistant, 33.5% to be β-lactamase-non-producing ABPC-resistant and 11.0% to be β-lactamase-producing ABPC-resistant strains. Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing K.pneumoniae and multi-drug resistant P.aeruginosa with metallo β-lactamase were 2.9% and 0.6%, respectively.Continuous national surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory pathogens is crucial in order to monitor changing patterns of susceptibility and to be able to update treatment recommendations on a regular basis

北東北地方のひとり暮らし高齢者の主観的健康感に関する調査

Elderly people are prone to impair the functions of daily living that require nursing care. If they are vulnerable to participate in society, there is a risk that living alone will become an unfeasible risk for them. To support elderly people living alone to participate in society, local governments have beentaking initiatives to prevent them from becoming housebound, but that in these initiatives are limited. Along with local social welfare councils and welfare committees, student volunteers will contribute to effective community activities to maintain a healthy life expectancy for elderly people. We conducted a health education program and surveyed and analyzed the health status and subjective well-being of elderly people living alone in the study area. Regarding subjective health, 81.1% of participants were currently healthy, as the results suggested that participants were aware of a decline in their mental and physical functioning, were interested in healthcare and health. and as results, they were maintaining their living-alone lifestyle and think how to deal with health matters in their own way