58,395 research outputs found
Microwave Power Transmission Workshop summary
The assumptions, methodologies, and conclusions of the NASA SPS studies were assessed and criticized to identify critical issues and to make recommendations for follow-on works. An assessment of the following items was made: beam forming and control, microwave amplifiers, radiating elements, and the rectenna. It was concluded that top priority should be given to determining an upper limit for permissible microwave power density which can be sent through the ionosphere
Service delivery for people with hereditary spastic paraparesis living in the South West of England.
PURPOSE: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) is an inherited nervous system disorder characterized by development of leg weakness, spasms and stiffness. While generally acknowledged that health and social care services can minimise symptoms and improve quality of life, there is a lack of research exploring this from the perspective of people affected by HSP. This qualitative study explored the users and providers experience of using rural services. METHOD: Focus groups and interviews were undertaken of people with HSP (n = 14), carers (n = 6) and professionals (n = 12), to describe their experience of service provision and to suggest improvements for care. These were taped, transcribed and analysed. RESULTS: Four themes emerged: (1) Diagnosis, symptoms and finding support; (2) Therapy, treatment and the delivery of care; (3) Managing the disease together; and (4) The way forward. CONCLUSIONS: Rehabilitation and support for self-management is valued by those affected with HSP throughout the disease trajectory from diagnosis onwards. Key to this is the development of a partnership approach which includes carers. Single point, well-informed, gatekeepers may enhance the coordination and delivery of care in rural areas. These findings underline current guidance promoting a holistic approach for people with neurological conditions
Education for citizenship: the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust and the educational settlement movement
No abstract available
The effects of storage conditions on viability of Clostridium difficile vegetative cells and spores and toxin activity in human faeces
AIMS: Clostridium difficile is a common nosocomial pathogen and as such diagnostic and research
methods may necessitate storage of faecal specimens for long periods, followed by subsequent
re-examination. This study investigated the effects of storage conditions upon the viability of this organism
and its toxin.
METHODS: Three genotypically distinct strains of C difficile (two clinical isolates including the UK epidemic
strain, and an environmental isolate) were grown anaerobically at 37°C for 72 hours in a pool
of five faecal emulsions. Aliquots of each emulsion were stored at either -20°C (frozen) or 4°C (refrigerated).
Emulsions were assayed for viable cells, spores, and cytotoxin titre before storage and at days
1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 56. An aliquot of each emulsion was also removed, assayed, and replaced in
storage at each time point to investigate the effects of multiple freezing/refrigeration/thawing .
RESULTS: Neither storage temperature nor multiple cycles of refrigeration/freezing and thawing
adversely affected the viability of C difficilevegetative cells or spores. Single and multiple exposures of
samples to 4°C had little effect upon the C difficile toxin titre. Toxin titres of multiply frozen and thawed
faeces became significantly lower than for refrigerated faeces (p < 0.01) by day 5 of the experiment
in two of the three strains, and in all strains by day 28. Toxin titres of singly frozen faeces became significantly
lower than for refrigerated faeces (p < 0.01) by day 56 of the experiment in two of the three
strains.
CONCLUSION: Storage temperature and multiple cycles of freezing (refrigeration)/thawing had minimal
effects upon the viability of C difficile or its spores. Storage at 4°C has no discernible effect on C difficile
cytotoxin. However, storage at -20°C has a detrimental effect upon C difficile cytotoxin, and multiple
cycles of freezing and thawing may further adversely effect toxin titres
Brain food for babies
How does a mother supply a key building block of the brain required for neurodevelopment to her fetus in pregnancy? The critical requirement of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for fetal brain development, and the poor efficiency of its synthesis in humans, is a tricky metabolic problem to be overcome in pregnant women. Supplying this unique fatty acid to the fetus requires exquisite specificity and timing, processes that can unravel in disease conditions such as pre-eclampsia
Maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations increase at the critical time of neural tube closure
No abstract available
The Challenges Posed by Globalization for Economic Liberalization in Two Asian Transitional Countries: Laos and Vietnam
globalization backlash, foreign direct investment, East Asia
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