How do cardiologists select patients for dual antiplatelet therapy continuation beyond 1 year after a myocardial infarction? Insights from the EYESHOT Post-MI Study

Background: Current guidelines suggest to consider dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) continuation for longer than 12 months in selected patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Hypothesis: We sought to assess the criteria used by cardiologists in daily practice to select patients with a history of MI eligible for DAPT continuation beyond 1 year. Methods: We analyzed data from the EYESHOT Post-MI, a prospective, observational, nationwide study aimed to evaluate the management of patients presenting to cardiologists 1 to 3 years from the last MI event. Results: Out of the 1633 post-MI patients enrolled in the study between March and December 2017, 557 (34.1%) were on DAPT at the time of enrolment, and 450 (27.6%) were prescribed DAPT after cardiologist assessment. At multivariate analyses, a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with multiple stents and the presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) resulted as independent predictors of DAPT continuation, while atrial fibrillation was the only independent predictor of DAPT interruption for patients both at the second and the third year from MI at enrolment and the time of discharge/end of the visit. Conclusions: Risk scores recommended by current guidelines for guiding decisions on DAPT duration are underused and misused in clinical practice. A PCI with multiple stents and a history of PAD resulted as the clinical variables more frequently associated with DAPT continuation beyond 1 year from the index MI

Cardiac volume overload rapidly induces oxidative stress-mediated myocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy

AbstractOxidative stress stimulates both growth and apoptosis in cardiac myocytes in vitro. We investigated the role of oxidative stress in the initial phases of cardiac remodeling induced in an animal model by volume overload. As plausible candidates for a connection between oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis or hypertrophy, we explored the behaviour of two MAPKs, specifically JNK and ERK. At 48 h of overload, the greatest increase in oxidative stress coincided with a peak of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This was possibly induced through the mitochondrial metabolism, as evidenced by the release of cytochrome c and a significant increase in the active forms of caspase-9 and -3, but not caspase-8. Oxidative stress markers significantly decreased at 96 h of overload, combined with a marked attenuation of apoptosis and the appearance of hypertrophy. The highest levels of JNK and the lowest levels of ERK phosphorylation were observed at 48 h of overload. Conversely, a sharp increase in ERK phosphorylation was detected at 96 h of overload coinciding with the hypertrophic response. Together these results show that oxidative stress is an early and transient event in myocardial volume overload. They suggest that oxidative stress mediates amplitude dependent apoptotic and hypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes through the selective activation of, respectively, JNK and ERK

O processo de distritalização e a utilização de serviços de saúde - avaliação do caso de Pau da Lima, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

Foi realizado estudo transversal de utilização de serviços de saúde no Distrito Sanitário de Pau da Lima, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, em 1992, a partir de inquérito domiciliar com recurso à técnica de amostragem por conglomerados. Entre as 1887 pessoas moradoras dos 384 domicílios visitados, 236 haviam utilizado serviços de saúde nos últimos 30 dias, correspondendo à taxa global de utilização de 12,5%. Os serviços públicos do distrito foram responsáveis por 25,9% do total dos atendimentos, tendo ocorrido maior utilização na faixa etária entre 15 e 29 anos (29,8%) e no sexo feminino (73,7%). A escolha do tipo de serviços foi influenciada principalmente por razões relacionadas com a acessibilidade (63,7%). A procura dos serviços decorreu sobretudo de motivos relacionados com a ocorrência de doença e com a busca de serviços curativos (75,7%). Esses achados revelam incipiência no processo de distritalização, expresso tanto em insuficiências quantitativas relacionadas com a cobertura assistencial e a oferta de serviços, quanto em problemas organizacionais que fazem com que a produção ainda não utilize preferencialmente os serviços do Distrito. Os autores discutem esses resultados no atual contexto de expansão do setor privado e de colapso de financiamento setorial