Anuros da Reserva Natural Salto Morato, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, Brasil

O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar a lista de espécies de anfíbios da Reserva Natural Salto Morato (RNSM), uma reserva de Mata Atlântica no Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. O parque está localizado no litoral norte do Paraná, na divisa com o Estado de São Paulo. Nós amostramos ambientes lênticos e lóticos, bromélias e serrapilheira durante os meses de setembro de 2006 a março de 2007. Na RNSM foram registradas 42 espécies de anfíbios anuros, pertencentes a nove famílias, sendo uma espécie endêmica da área de estudo. Nós registramos 14 modos reprodutivos dos anuros na área de estudo. Na RNSM, 50% das espécies de anuros ocorreram em mais de 50% das amostragens, 26% das espécies foram registradas entre 25-50% das amostragens e 24% das espécies foram raras, ocorrendo em menos de 25% das amostragens. A RNSM até o presente momento é a área com a maior diversidade de anfíbios e de modos reprodutivos do Paraná. Esses fatores evidenciam a importância da RNSM para a conservação dos anfíbios.Here we present a survey of amphibian species of the Reserva Natural Salto Morato (RNSM), an Atlantic rainforest reserve in Paraná, southern Brazil. We sampled lentic and lotic water bodies, phytotelmata and leaf litter from September 2006 to March 2007. We found 42 species from nine families, one of which is endemic to the study area. Additionally, we recorded 14 reproductive modes. In the RNSM, 50% of anuran species occur in more than 50% of samples, 26% of species occurred between 25 and 50% of samples, and 24% were rare, occurring in less than 25% of samples. The reserve holds the highest diversity of amphibians and reproductive modes in Paraná. Our results emphasize the importance of RNSM for amphibian conservation.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas Departamento de Zoologia e BotânicaUniversidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - UFFSUniversidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas Departamento de Zoologia e Botânic

Drewniane konstrukcje ramowe w naprawach budynków murowanych. Pilotażowy projekt w Caporciano

The paper deals with the use of wooden framed structures for the retrofitting and rebuilding of partially destroyed masonry buildings. When the damages are not so large to require a complete demolition but they are also not so localized to permit simple reparations, there is always the problem: how much to rebuild without to obtain an historic fake? The philosophy at the base of the Rehabilitation Plan for Caporciano (a municipality in the L'Aquila earthquake area) follows two different ways: a) the demolition, when the ruins envelop is less than the 30% of the original building volume and/or the masonry is too much damaged to be consolidated; b) the consolidation of the masonry and their stabilization through the collaboration with new wooden structures built inside the free spaces leaved by the collapsed roofs and floors. The choice to recover, in such a way, the survived existing structures, descend from the aim to conserve the historical heritage without rebuilding historic fake but integrating the "memory" with the "new" in an harmonic collaboration, testimonial of the necessary technological evolution for the life and environment contemporary needs satisfaction. The project deals with a new structure inside the ruined walls with two goals: the consolidation and the stabilization of the survived walls and the building of new and efficient wooden volumes, with wooden fibres thermal insulation, inside the perimeters of the masonry walls.Artykuł omawia wykorzystanie drewnianych konstrukcji ramowych w naprawach i odbudowie częściowo zniszczonych budynków murowanych. Jeśli uszkodzenia nie są aż tak poważne, aby wymagały całkowitej rozbiórki obiektu, ale też nie tak nieistotne by wystarczyły zwykłe naprawy, zawsze powstaje problem: ile należy odbudować by uniknąć historycznych zafałszowań? Filozofia leżąca u podstaw Planu Odnowienia Caporciano (miasta w rejonie L'Aquila nawiedzonym przez trzęsienie ziemi) pozwala na dwa różne rozwiązania: a) wyburzenie, gdy zniszczone jest mniej niż 30% oryginalnej substancji i/lub mury są zbyt zniszczone b) konsolidację elementów murowanych i ich stabilizację poprzez wprowadzenie nowych elementów konstrukcyjnych z drewna, wzniesionych wewnątrz wolnych przestrzeni pozostawionych przez zniszczone sklepienia i podłogi. Decyzja by w ten sposób odrestaurować to, co przetrwało, ma na celu zachowanie historycznego dziedzictwa bez fałszowania zabytku, ale dzięki harmonijnemu zintegrowaniu "starego" z "nowym", co jest świadectwem nieuniknionej ewolucji technologicznej koniecznej by zaspokoić współczesne potrzeby życia i środowiska. Projekt wprowadza nową konstrukcję do wnętrza zniszczonego budynku z dwóch powodów: w celu skonsolidowania i ustabilizowania ocalałych ścian, oraz stworzenia nowej, skutecznej przegrody drewnianej wypełnionej izolacją termiczną z wełny drzewnej, wewnątrz oryginalnych kamiennych murów

Deregulated branched-chain amino acid synthesis in a Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cell line resistant to valine.

A Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cell line able to grow in the presence of high doses of valine was isolated following gamma-rays mutagenesis. The selected clone, named D5R5, showed a growth rate higher than that of wild-type. It was less sensitive also to an equimolar mixture of the three branched-chain amino acids, but did not display cross-resistance to isoleucine and leucine. The increased tolerance was due to neither a reduced valine uptake, nor a modification in the level or sensitivity to feed-back inhibition by valine of the first common enzyme (and the main regulative site) in isoleucine, leucine and valine synthesis, acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS). When wild-type cells were fed with valine or equimolar mixtures of the three aminoacids, a decrease in AHAS level was found. On the contrary, the level of extractable AHAS activity from D5R5 cells was significantly less affected by similar treatments, suggesting that some alteration in enzyme modulation mechanism(s) could account for valine resistance

Regulatory effects of exogenous branched-chain amino acids in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cell suspension cultures

Nicotiana plumbaginifolia suspension cultured cells were grown on medium supplemented with valine, leucine and isoleucine, singly or in combination. The effects of the three branched-chain amino acids on cell growth rate and on the activity of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), the first enzyme (and the main regulative site) of their biosynthetic pathway, were studied. Results showed that valine and leucine, at concentrations ranging from 10–4 to 10–3 M, inhibit growth, and at higher doses (from 10–2 to 10–1 M) AHAS activity. Growth, but not AHAS activity, was affected also by isoleucine. The addition of ammonium succinate to the culture medium, in order to counteract a possible general inhibitory effect of these compounds on nitrogen metabolism, relieved only partially their cytotoxicity. Feeding cells with equimolar mixtures of the three amino acids resulted in a minor but reproducible decrease in AHAS level, which was proportional to the dose. A similar result was obtained also on N. plumbaginifolia seedlings, suggesting that in this species a modulation of enzyme level could play a role in controlling the flow of metabolites through the pathway

Criminopalinologia - una scelta di Casi dalla letteratura

Il lavoro considera una scelta di casi di Criminopalinologia tratti dalla letteratura mondiale. Esso prende in esame casi classici e famosi della Palinologia forense, e casi meno noti. Con consapevolezza di non esaustività, la scelta dei casi è stata guidata dall’intenzione di riflettere sui seguenti parametri: 1) la gamma dei casi in cui la palinologia è intervenuta (ad es. morti violente, violenze sessuali, sequestri di persone, furti, uso di droghe illecite); 2) la gamma dei substrati forensi in cui sono stata cercate le prove polliniche (ad es. polveri e materiali biologici da corpi, polveri e residui vari da indumenti e oggetti, substrati naturali di superficie, sedimenti s.l., droghe ecc.; 3) la gamma dei problemi del campionamento (in particolare inerenti sterilità di attrezzature e ambienti); 4) la gamma delle indicazioni fornite dai dati pollinici (“dove”, “quando” e “come” dell’evento); 5) la gamma delle prove polliniche (identificazione di singole piante a livello di genere o specie, riconoscimento di vegetazioni e paesaggi vegetali, di stagioni, di contesti, 5) la gamma dei ruoli giocati dall’indagine pollinica (ad es. se essa è stata richiesta dall’autorità giudiziaria o da altro esperto; se è stata considerata o no dalla corte; se ha avuto o no valore per risolvere il caso); 6) la gamma dei settori della palinologia che, nella teoria e nella pratica, si intrecciano strettamente con la Criminopalinologia (ad es. Geo-Brio-Aero-Morfo-palinologia)