Digitalized service multinationals and international business theory

Banalieva and Dhanaraj argue that digital service multinationals (DSMNCs) possess a new category of firm-specific advantage (FSA), the network advantage, and that, contrary to extant theory, they use networks as a mode of governance. I review the business models used by DSMNCs, compare them to non-digital ones, and explore what we can learn about them from extant IB theory. I conclude that network advantages are not a new category of FSAs, that networks are not a mode of governance, and that their use by DSMNCs is well explained by extant theory

EFEKTIVITAS PENGAWASAN UNIT KERJA ANTI FRAUD PADA BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA

Perkembangan perbankan syari‟ah di Indonesia demikian pesat yang ditandai dengan berdirinya Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Perkembangan ini berimplikasi pada besarnya tantangan perbankan syari‟ah di Indonesia terutama dalam mempertahankan identitasnya sebagai perusahaan yang bergerak berlandaskan prinsip-prinsip syari‟ah. Sejak berdirinya perbankan syariah,berbagai kontroversi muncul dari masyarakat, masalah yang paling banyak disorot adalah pelekatan label syariah pada institusi keuangan Islam yang masih dianggap belum layak. Keraguan masyarakat tersebut seolah terjawab dengan munculnya kasus yang cukup menggemparkan yakni kasus fraud (tindak kecurangan) yang terjadi di lembaga syariah. Bank Muamalat Indonesia merupakan bank syari‟ah pertama yang muncul dengan gagasan bank murni syari‟ah. Akan tetapi, bank Muamalat Indonesia juga tak luput dari kasus fraud yang dilakukan oleh karyawan bank tersebut. Berdasarkan Laporan Tahunan BMI menyebutkan bahwa telah terjadi peningkatan kasus fraud dari tahun sebelumnya yang berjumlah 18 kasus menjadi 82 kasus pada tahun 2016. Padahal perusahaan yang menggunakan identitas syariah seharusnya dapat lebih meminimalisir bahkan meniadakan resiko terjadinya kasus fraud dengan adanya internal control perusahaan. Dari latar belakang tersebut, peneliti berusaha mendalami peran pengawasan Unit Kerja Anti Fraud dalam fraud preventive pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitin pustaka yang bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun sumber bahan hukum primer yang dipakai yaitu berdasarkan Laporan Tahunan Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tahun 2016. Sedangkan sumber bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku-buku, jurnal,karya ilmiah, artikel, terkait dengan strategi anti fraud perbankan syariah. Dari hasil penelitian dikemukakan bahwa peningkatan kasus fraud yang terjadi pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia disebabkan kurang efektifnya pengawasan Unit Kerja Anti Fraud. Hal ini dikarenakan kegiatan yang dilakukan selama tahun 2016 belum menujukkan adanya usaha preventif terhadap kasus fraud. Sedangkan pencegahan merupakan pilar penting dalam keefektivan sebuah pengawasan. Tujuan perusahaan dalam mencegah fraud dapat tercapai, jika fungsi pengawasan dilakukan sebelum terjadinya penyimpangan-penyimpangan sehingga lebih bersifat mencegah (prefentive control). Oleh karena itu, keefektivan pengawasan Unit Kerja Anti Fraud diharapkan dapat meminimalisir tindak kecurangan demi mewujudkan perusahaan yang patuh terhadap ketentuan syariah sesuai dengan identitas perusahaan. vii Usaha pencegahan terjadinya kasus pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia diharapkan dapat menjadi bukti terlaksananya tatakelola perusahaan (Good Corporate Governance) pada Bank Syari‟ah dengan baik. Hal ini berdasarkan dalam dalam perbankan syariah dikenal adanya prinsip-prinsip syariah yang mendukung bagi terlaksananya prinsip GCG yakni keharusan bagi subjek hukum termasuk bank untuk menerapkan prinsip kejujuran (shiddiq), edukasi kepada masyarakat (tabligh), kepercayaan (amanah), dan pengelolaan secara profesional (fathanah)

Menstrual cycle-related sialidase activity of the female cervical mucus is associated with exoxome-like vesicles

Female cervical mucus contains an endogenous age- and menstrual cycle-related sialidase which could be involved in modifying the rheological properties of mucus to favour sperm progression at fertilization. Its association with exosome-like vesicles also suggests a role in intercellular communication before and after fertilization

Experimental evaluation of the hydration status during fitness training

This study aims to analyze the hydration status in a large group 01 litness athletes and to understand the amount 01 Iluids that they habitually consume during a typical training session. lvIethods. One hundred lorty-eight volunteers (86 male [M], 62 Iemale [F]) aged 18-50 were examine (average age 32±8.3 years old, 77% between 18 and 38 years old). Average health: (M) 174±14 cm; (F) 164±12 cm. Average weight: (M) 74±16 Kg; (F) 57±9 Kg. Body Mass Index (BMI) on mean: (M) 24,08±1,42 Kglm2; (F) 21 ,04±0,27 Kglm2. Basai hydration status was determined by measuring urine specilic gravity (Usg) in the lirst urine sample collected alter waking. We have used changes in body mass to calculate the amount 01 water lost during exercise and to divide the subjects into three groups: dehydrated euhydrated and overhydrated. We also considered the amount and type 01 Iluids that they consumed during exercise. On the total sample, 20 athletes Irom the sample also underwent the "Sweat test", which consists in measuring sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) concentrations in sweat to assess salt losses through sweating. Results. 1) Data on basai hydration status showed that 58% 01 the subjects are dehydrated, 39% euhydrated and 3% overhydrated; 2) 31 subjects lost more than 1% 01 their total body weight (measurements taken belore and alter training), which means that they lost too much water through sweating and did not consume sufficient fluid, thereby lalling into a hypertonic dehydration proli le. Discussion and cone/usions. Our study shows that over 50'1., 01 the litness athletes do not pay enough attention to their hydration status and begin their training in the condition of dehydration. In addition, more than 20% 01 the athletes do not drink enough during exercise, losing more than 10;', 01 their weight. Sport and nutrition professionals should stress the importance 01 hydration in improving litness athletes' performance and in reducing health risks

Treatment of pressure sores in spina bifida patients with calcium alginate and foam dressings

Prospective study on local treatment of pressure sores using calcium alginate and foam dressings in spina bifida patients

Labour Force Participation of Older Workers in Italy: Trends, Causes and Policy Issues

Population ageing in Italy is more pronounced than in most of the other developed countries. Given the very low employment rate for older workers, this is likely to have a negative effect on overall labour force participation in the near future. This paper describes the demographic and labour-market trends for people older than 50, making some comparisons between Italy and other EU countries. It then offers some evidence on the determinants of the individual choice of retirement by looking at some econometric studies showing that the generosity of the public pension scheme is crucial. Finally, the policy measures adopted during the last decade to raise the retirement age are reviewed: the broad pension reforms implemented over the years may have had some effect by curbing pension benefits, but none of the possible alternative measures taken in other European countries has been implemented. The Geneva Papers (2005) 30, 711–723. doi:10.1057/palgrave.gpp.2510047

Return on investment (ROI) and development of a workplace disability management program in a hospital\u2014a pilot evaluation study

The progressive ageing of the working population and the increase in related chronic diseases tend to affect working capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate a Workplace Disability Management Program (WDMP) within a pediatric hospital. Absenteeism due to healthcare workers\u2019 (HCWs) pre-and post-WDMP and the related costs were used for the program evaluation. The Return on Investment (ROI), the Break-Even Analysis (BEA) and the value of the average annual productivity of HCWs who took advantage of the Disability Management (DM) interventions to assess the economic impact of the program, were also used. The HCWs enrolled in the program were 131 (approximately 4% of hospital staff), of which 89.7% females and with an average age of 50.4 years (SD \ub1 8.99). Sick leave days of the HCWs involved decreased by 66.6% in the year following the end of WDMP compared to the previous one (p < 0.001). The total estimated cost reduction of absenteeism is 427,896 \u20ac over a year. ROI was equal to 27.66 \u20ac. BEA indicated that the break-even point was reached by implementing the program on 3.27 HCWs. The program evaluation demonstrated the particular effectiveness of the implemented WDMP model, acting positively on the variables that affect productivity and the limitation to work