Aproveitamento de recursos minerais em terras ind?genas : possibilidades, desafios e perspectivas.

Este trabalho objetiva analisar as possibilidades jur?dicas referentes ? previs?o constitucional do estabelecimento de explora??o de recursos minerais em Terras Ind?genas, nos termos do artigo 231, ? 3? da Constitui??o Federal. Segundo o referido artigo, para que haja explora??o mineral nessas ?reas, ? necess?ria autoriza??o espec?fica do Congresso Nacional, ouvidas as comunidades afetadas, sendo-lhes assegurada participa??o nos resultados da lavra. Decorridos mais de vinte anos ap?s a promulga??o da Constitui??o Federal, verifica-se, at? o momento, a inexist?ncia de manifesta??o definitiva do Congresso Nacional, especialmente pelo fato de haver indubit?vel conflito de interesses (pol?ticos, econ?micos e sociais) na solu??o desta quest?o. A aus?ncia de regulamenta??o espec?fica em conson?ncia com as disposi??es constitucionais, ao mesmo tempo em que impede o exerc?cio de uma atividade econ?mica imprescind?vel para o desenvolvimento do pa?s, traz como conseq??ncia a pr?tica ilegal da garimpagem em ?reas ind?genas, o que implica em s?rios danos sociais e ambientais, sobretudo decorrentes dos conflitos entre ga rimpeiros e ind?genas, nos quais aqueles visam o exerc?cio de atividade econ?mica, ainda que de maneira ilegal, e estes buscam, a seu modo, defender suas terras e proteg? -las contra o esbulho de terceiros. A presente disserta??o prop?e-se a estudar, analisar e discutir as possibilidades, os desafios e as perspectivas do aproveitamento dos recursos minerais existentes nas terras ind?genas brasileiras, abordando o tema n?o apenas sob o fundamento constitucional em que se fundamenta, mas tamb?m sob a ?tica dos conflitos de interesses que o permeia .This paper tends to analyze the juridical possibilities concerning the constitutional standard in which mineral resources exploration is available, in the right terms of the article 231, ? 3? of the Federal Constitution. According to this article, to make mineral resources exploration available in this areas, it?s necessary an specific National Congress? authorization, the agreement of the affected communities, and a participation for them in the results of the extraction. Although more than twenty years from the Federal Constitution promulgation have passed, it?s seen, until today, that there?s no definitive manifestation of National Congress, especially because of the conflict of interests (political, economical and social) that involves the solution of this problem. The lack of an specific regulation prevents the exercise of an important economical activity for the country development, and brings as consequence the illegal practice of informal miners in indigenous areas, which causes serious social and environmental damages, including the ones caused by the conflicts between clandestine prospectors and Indians. This study intents to analyze and discuss the possibilities, the challenges and the perspectives of mineral resources exploration in indigenous areas, approaching the topic not only considering the constitutional rules in which it is based, but also the conflicts and interests that exist among the subjec

Doctrina de los expulsos extinguida : pastoral que, obedeciendo al rey, dirigía a su Diócesis...

Reproduce la port. de la ed. de Madrid : Joaquin Ibarra, 1768Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Higgs Starobinsky inflation

In this paper we point out that Starobinky inflation could be induced by quantum effects due to a large non-minimal coupling of the Higgs boson to the Ricci scalar. The Higgs Starobinsky mechanism provides a solution to issues attached to large Higgs field values in the early universe which in a metastable universe would not be a viable option. We verify explicitly that these large quantum corrections do not destabilize Starobinsky's potential

Consórcios de caupi e milho em cultivo orgânico para produção de grãos e espigas verdes.

No período de outono-inverno-primavera de 2007, foi conduzido um estudo em Seropédica, Região Metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro (Baixada Fluminense), com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes tipos de consórcio entre caupi (cv. Mauá) e milho (cv. AG-1051), em sistema orgânico de produção. O experimento foi instalado em área de Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de diferentes épocas ou intervalos de tempo de semeadura do caupi em relação à do milho, a saber: (E1) 21 dias antes do milho; (E2) 14 dias antes do milho; (E3) 7 dias antes do milho; e (E4) no mesmo dia do milho. Tratamentos correspondentes aos cultivos solteiros do caupi e do milho foram incluídos, ambos semeados na data do tratamento E4. O cultivo consorciado com o caupi não interferiu na produtividade do milho em espigas verdes e também em termos de comprimento e diâmetro basal dessas espigas, independentemente do intervalo entre semeaduras. Com referência ao caupi, a produtividade em grãos verdes no cultivo solteiro foi superior à dos consórcios com o milho. Os valores obtidos para os Índices de Equivalência de Área (IEA), foram todos acima de 1,0, indicando que os consórcios foram eficientes quanto ao desempenho agronômico/biológico. Considerando, ainda a produtividade de cada cultura participante do consórcio, a semeadura do caupi antecipada de 21 dias em relação à do milho afigura-se mais adequada ao manejo orgânico adotado e às condições edafoclimáticas da região

Non-minimal coupling of the Higgs boson to curvature in an inflationary universe

In the absence of new physics around 10^10 GeV, the electroweak vacuum is at best metastable. This represents a major challenge for high scale in ationary models as, during the early rapid expansion of the universe, it seems difficult to understand how the Higgs vacuum would not decay to the true lower vacuum of the theory with catas- trophic consequences if inflation took place at a scale above 10^10 GeV. In this paper we show that the non-minimal coupling of the Higgs boson to curvature could solve this problem by generating a direct coupling of the Higgs boson to the inflationary potential thereby stabilizing the electroweak vacuum. For specific values of the Higgs field initial condition and of its non-minimal coupling, inflation can drive the Higgs field to the electroweak vacuum quickly during inflation

Nasal Bone Shape Is under Complex Epistatic Genetic Control in Mouse Interspecific Recombinant Congenic Strains

Genetic determinism of cranial morphology in the mouse is still largely unknown, despite the localization of putative QTLs and the identification of genes associated with Mendelian skull malformations. To approach the dissection of this multigenic control, we have used a set of interspecific recombinant congenic strains (IRCS) produced between C57BL/6 and mice of the distant species Mus spretus (SEG/Pas). Each strain has inherited 1.3% of its genome from SEG/Pas under the form of few, small-sized, chromosomal segments.The shape of the nasal bone was studied using outline analysis combined with Fourier descriptors, and differential features were identified between IRCS BcG-66H and C57BL/6. An F2 cross between BcG-66H and C57BL/6 revealed that, out of the three SEG/Pas-derived chromosomal regions present in BcG-66H, two were involved. Segments on chromosomes 1 (∼32 Mb) and 18 (∼13 Mb) showed additive effect on nasal bone shape. The three chromosomal regions present in BcG-66H were isolated in congenic strains to study their individual effect. Epistatic interactions were assessed in bicongenic strains.Our results show that, besides a strong individual effect, the QTL on chromosome 1 interacts with genes on chromosomes 13 and 18. This study demonstrates that nasal bone shape is under complex genetic control but can be efficiently dissected in the mouse using appropriate genetic tools and shape descriptors

Decrease of physical activity level in adolescents with limb fractures: an accelerometry-based activity monitor study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Immobilization and associated periods of inactivity can cause osteopenia, the physiological response of the bone to disuse. Mechanical loading plays an essential role in maintaining bone integrity. Skeletal fractures represent one cause of reduction of the physical activity (PA) level in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to quantify the reduction of PA in adolescents with limb fractures during the cast immobilization period compared with healthy controls.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two hundred twenty adolescents were divided into three groups: those with upper limb fractures (50 cases); lower limb fractures (50 cases); and healthy cases (120 cases). Patients and their healthy peers were matched for gender, age, and seasonal assessment of PA. PA level was assessed during cast immobilization by accelerometer. Time spent in PA in each of the different intensity levels - sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous - was determined for each participant and expressed in minutes and as a percentage of total valid time.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Reduction in PA during cast immobilization was statistically significant in patients with limb fractures compared to healthy controls. The total PA count (total number of counts/min) was significantly lower in those with upper and lower limb fractures (-30.1% and -62.4%, respectively) compared with healthy controls (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively). Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA by patients with upper and lower limb injuries decreased by 36.9% (<it>p </it>= 0.0003) and 76.6% (<it>p </it>< 0.0001), respectively, and vigorous PA was reduced by 41.4% (<it>p </it>= 0.0008) and 84.4% (<it>p </it>< 0.0001), respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>PA measured by accelerometer is a useful and valid tool to assess the decrease of PA level in adolescents with limb fractures. As cast immobilization and reduced PA are known to induce bone mineral loss, this study provides important information to quantify the decrease of skeletal loading in this patient population. The observed reduction of high intensity skeletal loading due to the decrease in vigorous PA may explain osteopenia due to disuse, and these data should be kept in mind by trauma practitioners to avoid any unnecessary prolongation of the cast immobilization period.</p

Open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted hepatectomy in resection of liver tumors : a non-systematic review.

Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, in?meros fatores transformaram as hepatectomias em opera??es mais seguras. A quimioterapia, juntamente com novas drogas para o tratamento de met?stases propiciaram melhores respostas, o que possibilitou a indica??o cir?rgica em pacientes que inicialmente n?o eram candidatos a ela. Les?es hep?ticas muitas vezes requerem ressec??o, que pode ser realizada tanto por laparotomia, por videolaparoscopia ou assistida por plataforma rob?tica.Several factors have made hepatectomy an increasingly safe surgery and new drugs allowed surgical treatment for patients who initially were not candidates for resection. Lesions often require resection, which can be performed by open, laparoscopic, or robotic assisted hepatectomy