Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Construction of Islamic Boarding School: A Structural Model

Problems of organizational citizenship behavior among academics, especially teachers in Islamic Boarding Schools, are underrepresented in previous studies. This research was conducted at Islamic Boarding Schools in Kuningan in the context of organizational quality. This study aims to determine the influence of Employee Engagement and Job satisfaction on Organization Citizenship Behavior through Job Organization commitment as an intervening variable. This study includes a type of comparative causal research with a quantitative approach using questionnaires to 130 respondents. The result shows that Employee Engagement and Job satisfaction have a significant effect on Organization Commitment. Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Organization Commitment have a significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Analisa Sebaran Panas Pada Ruang Inkubator Telur Unggas Otomatis

Technology is something that plays a very important role in helping in every human activity.both in healt,industry and orthers. An example of the use of technology is in the case of automatic processing of poultry aggs, this research aims to determine the pattern of heat distribution in incubator for hacting chicken eggs, to determine the temperature distribution in an automatic poultry egg incubator.and know the temperature at each incubator point measuring 30cmx30cm for laying poultry eggs, so that the temperature distribution in the incubator is evenly distributed over the range (35,0)c. a good heat source when used are two and ten watt incandescent lamps. To adjust the temperature to a constant temperature inside the egg incubator, a WH70 16E temperature sensor and a thermometer are used. And the motor plays an inportant role in the incubator in egg hatching so that it is easy to change the position of the eggs and eggs racks. On a difference in position indicates that the temperature varies within the range (34.0-35.0)℃

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID DISPERSION FAMOTIDINE – MANNITOL BY CO-GRINDING METHOD

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aims to prepare and characterize solid dispersion of famotidine using mannitol to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate.Methods: Solid dispersions were prepared by co-grinding method in 9 formulas. The ratio of famotidine and mannitol was varied (1:1, 1:2, 2:1 w/w),and each ratio was milled at three different times (30, 60, and 90 minutes). The physical mixture was also prepared as comparison at ratio 1:1 w/w.Solid dispersions were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis, solubility, and dissolution rate study. The assay of famotidine was doneusing a UV spectrophotometer.Results: The highest solubility of famotidine in solid dispersion was obtained in F2 (ratio 1:2 and grinding time 30 minutes). The solubility of intactfamotidine, physical mixture, and solid dispersion F2 was 1.630±0.027, 2.757±0.096, and 3.272±0.076 mg/ml, respectively. X-ray diffractogram ofsolid dispersion F2 showed a decrease in the peak intensity of famotidine. Thermogram of DSC showed a decrease of famotidine melting point for bothphysical mixture and solid dispersion. Photomicrograph of SEM indicated the changes in morphology solid dispersion compared to intact substances.FTIR analysis showed no chemical interaction between famotidine and mannitol. The particle size analysis showed a reduction in the particle sizeof the solid dispersion. The dissolution result after 60 minutes was 85.029%, 86.166%, 92.057% for intact famotidine, physical mixture, and soliddispersion F2, respectively.Conclusion: Solid dispersion increased solubility and dissolution rate.Keywords: Solid dispersion, Famotidine, Mannitol, Co-grinding, Solubility

RECENT STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING SOLUBILITY AND ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF PIPERINE

Piperine, the main bioactive compound found in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), has long been used in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This compound has remarkable potential pharmacological properties, including being anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective. Recent studies have reported piperine activity as an antiviral against SARS-CoV-2, which caused COVID-19. Nevertheless, the clinical use of piperine is still limited, due to its poor water solubility and bioavailability; therefore, various approaches have been developed in order to solve these limitations. This review summarises recent studies (i.e. uploaded to electronic databases in the last 10 y) regarding strategies that have been investigated to improve piperine’s solubility and pharmacokinetic properties, using ‘piperine’, ‘solubility’, ‘bioavailability’, and ‘formulation’ as keywords. Articles that have focused on piperine as the main compound were selected and sorted based on their modification and formulation types. Studies reported various approaches: from derivatives and analogue synthesis, crystal engineering, complexation, particle size reduction (micro-and nanonisation), and lipid-and polymer-based drug delivery systems, to inorganic and hybrid nanoparticles. This review also highlights limitations and challenges for these approaches and encourages further studies to optimise piperine’s potential benefits

Analisis Modal Relasional, Kapabilitas Inovasi Produk dan Daya Tarik Produk Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran Industri Kreatif di Wilayah Tiga Cirebon

Perkembangan industri kreatif di wilayah Jawa Barat saat ini cukup pesat dengan berbagai jenis produk. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal relasional dan kapabilitas inovasi produk dan daya tarik produk terhadap kinerja pemasaran. Sampel diperoleh sebanyak 100 UKM industri kreatif di Kabupaten Kuningan, Cirebon, Majalengka dan Indramayu. Analisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal relasional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pemasaran, kapabilitas inovasi produk tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pemasaran. Daya tarik produk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pemasaranKata Kunci : Modal Relasional, Kapabilitas inovasi produk, Daya tarik produk, Kinerja Pemasara

Formulation of Metformin HCl Floating Tablet using HPC, HPMC K100M, and the Combinations

Floating tablet is one of the most suitable dosage forms that used for delivering long term drug release. The objective of this study was to evaluate Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) K100M, and the combination as matrix in manufacturing floating tablets. Metformin HCl, an anti-diabetic, was used as a drug model. Metformin HCl floating tablet was manufactured by wet granulation method in three formulas using variation of matrix, which were 40% of HPC (F1), 40% of HPMC K100M (F2), combination of 20% HPC and 20% HPMC K100M (F3). Prior to tablet compaction, evaluation for granules were done which included moisture content, angle of repose using, bulk and tapped density, Hausner ratio, and compressibility. The evaluations of floating tablet were physical properties, floating ability, and in vitro drug release. The average of floating lag time for F1, F2, F3, were 7 minutes 13 seconds; 5 minutes 27 seconds; and 14 minutes 5 seconds, respectively. In addition, the floating time for F1 was 3 hours 16 minutes whereas F2, F3 were more than 48 hours. F2 showed the best floating ability to retain the drug release, which was 84.68% over 8 hours, while F1 and F3 were completely dissolved less than 6 hours.

FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTICOMPONENT CRYSTAL OF TRIMETHOPRIM AND MANDELIC ACID BY SOLVENT DROP GRINDING METHOD

Objective: To increase the solubility of trimethoprim by forming multicomponent crystals using mandelic acid as a coformer. Methods: Multicomponent crystals of trimethoprim and mandelic acid were prepared at a ratio of 1:1 mol by the Solvent Drop Grinding (SDG) method. Solid state characterization was carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and polarized microscope. The solubility test of trimethoprim was carried out in CO2-free distilled water using a sonicator for 5 min and then determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using acetonitrile and phosphoric acid in a 10:90 ratio as the mobile phase and octadecylsilane (C18) as the stationary phase. Results: The results showed a decrease in the melting point and enthalpy of fusion on the DSC thermogram, a new peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern, and a slight shift of wave number in the FTIR spectroscopy. Those characterizations indicated that the multicomponent crystal formed a salt type. SEM analysis showed morphological changes and formation of new crystal habits. The polarization microscopy analysis showed birefringent with various colors in all samples. The solubility of multicomponent crystal is 2.73-times higher compared to intact trimethoprim. Conclusion: The formation of cocrystals of trimethoprim and mandelic acid by SDG method increased the solubility of trimethoprim

ENHANCEMENT OF CURCUMIN SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION BY ADSORPTION IN MESOPOROUS SBA-15

Objective: Curcumin belongs to BCS class IV, which has low solubility, around 7.8 µg/ml and its results of low bioavailability. The study aimed to enhance solubility and dissolution rate of curcumin by adsorption in mesoporous silica SBA-15. Methods: The synthesis of SBA-15 was done by using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica precursors and Pluronic P123 (EO20PO70EO20) as template of pore-forming. Impregnation of curcumin in SBA-15 was conducted by evaporation in ethanol solution with 2:1 of curcumin: SBA-15 proportion. Curcumin-SBA-15 were characterized by Nitrogen Adsorption-Desorption Isotherm, Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The solubility test was performed by using an orbital shaker for 24 h in CO2-free distilled water. The dissolution rate was conducted in CO2-free distilled water using USP Type-II dissolution test apparatus. Results: Efficiency entrapment of curcumin-SBA-15 was 59.433%. The successful adsorption of curcumin in SBA-15 was confirmed by reducing its surface area (48.165 m2/g) and pore volume (0.073x10-1 cm3/g). The results of PXRD analysis showed that decreased in the intensity of the diffraction peak. In addition, the FTIR spectrum of curcumin-SBA-15 was similar to its intact component. The solubility and dissolution rate test of curcumin-SBA-15 enhanced 2.201 times and 3.214 times at 60 min compared to intact curcumin. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the adsorption of curcumin in SBA-15 increased both the solubility and dissolution rate of curcumin