Theorising South Africa's foreign policy: The case of Latin America

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented 13 May, 1985. Not to be quoted without the Author's permissionDuring recent years local scholarship in the field of South Africa's foreign policy has tended to focus on the structure of state institutions and on the personalities of the decision makers. Whilst I do not wish to underplay the importance of monitoring the transformation occurring within the state apparatus , especially in relation to the militarization of the top layers of the bureaucracy, it is nevertheless important to draw away from an emphasis on the model of bureaucratic politics if one is to do full justice to an understanding of South Africa’s interactions with other social formations

A critical assessment of UH-60 main rotor blade airfoil data

Many current comprehensive rotorcraft analyses employ lifting-line methods that require main rotor blade airfoil data, typically obtained from wind tunnel tests. In order to effectively evaluate these lifting-line methods, it is of the utmost importance to ensure that the airfoil section data are free of inaccuracies. A critical assessment of the SC1095 and SC1094R8 airfoil data used on the UH-60 main rotor blade was performed for that reason. Nine sources of wind tunnel data were examined, all of which contain SC1095 data and four of which also contain SC1094R8 data. Findings indicate that the most accurate data were generated in 1982 at the 11-Foot Wind Tunnel Facility at NASA Ames Research Center and in 1985 at the 6-inch by 22-inch transonic wind tunnel facility at Ohio State University. It has not been determined if data from these two sources are sufficiently accurate for their use in comprehensive rotorcraft analytical models of the UH-60. It is recommended that new airfoil tables be created for both airfoils using the existing data. Additional wind tunnel experimentation is also recommended to provide high quality data for correlation with these new airfoil tables

Contour map of thermal efficiency ijj

Exergy Analysis for the Performance of Solar Collectors The optimum control and performance evaluation of solar collectors are analyzed from the standpoint of exergy. The pressure drop inside the collector is introduced to the analysis using the Hottel-Whillier model. By treating the friction process as exergy loss, the optimum operating conditions are presented in a simple statement. The maximum capability of collectors is determined and expressed by a relationship among the collector parameters and the environment in which they operates. Introduction The optimum operating conditions of solar collectors have so far been investigated on the basis of collected thermal energy. The criterion generally adopted is to maximize the difference between the collected thermal energy and the required pumping power First, exergy analysis using the Hottel-Whillier model Exergy Analysis Using the Hottel-Whillier Model The properties of flat-plate solar collectors are, in general, given by the relationship among the outlet and inlet temperatures T 0 , Tj, the mass flow rate m, and insolation /, as From equation (1), instantaneous thermal efficiency, i},, defined by o'm /kg. s" 1 ) For the investigation of the optimum control and performance evaluation of solar collectors, it is sufficient to assume a constant environment for the first step. Therefore, only the instantaneous efficiency is considerd in the following discussion, and the daily efficiency is not treated. As one example, the insolation, I, and ambient temperature, T a , are fixed as 7=650 W/m 2 , r a = 300 K The stagnation temperature, T sl , is obtained by setting ij, = 0 in equation (3), as With respect to this case, r/, is depicted in Assuming that the specific heat, C P , at constant pressure is constant, A/z and As in equation Ae Eliminating T 0 by equation Next, the maximum exergy efficiency ijf ax over all of 7", and rh is considered. Expanding equations Setting equations = collector area = specific heat at constant pressure = inner diameter of absorber tube = friction factor = collector efficiency factor = heat removal factor = volumetric flow rate = solar radiation incident on the collector = absorber tube length = mass flow rate = ambient temperatur

The political economy of South-South relations: The case of South Africa and Latin America.

Many factors have inhibited the consolidation of relations between countries of the post-colonial world, the "South". This dissertation aims to explore some of these factors through focusing on a case study of the relations between South Africa and its neighbours across the South Atlantic. Despite naval and commercial hegemony of the British Empire in the South Atlantic region during the nineteenth century, trade proved minimal and South Africa played a limited role in assisting the indictment of the transatlantic slave trade. It was only during the Boer War (1899-1902) that South Africa became the destination of Argentine exports in large measure: frozen beef to meet the needs of British troops. With the end of the war, a significant Boer migration to Patagonia was encouraged by the Argentine government. This community served to cement relations with South Africa up to and including the time of its repatriation in the late 1930s. Brazil's participation in World War Two alongside the Allies opened the way further for relations with South Africa and support for its position inside the new postwar United Nations Organisation. Growing links with the Afro-Asian world did not deter Brazil's military rulers - in power from 1964-85 - from encouraging trade and substantial South African investment. As right-wing military rule swept the Latin American region in the 1960s and 70s, South Africa, by now extremely isolated diplomatically, found a number of friends. Moral and military collaboration from the regimes in the Southern Cone - especially Chile - proved very welcome in Pretoria. Its adversarial relationship with Cuba in the context of regional conflict in Southern Africa also proved important. With redemocratisation in both regions the nature of the relationship will require re-examination. However, in the context of largely dormant South-South relationships, it is unlikely to expand massively under current global conditions of debt, trade competition, and commercial and cultural barriers. Utilising methodological analysis drawn from disciplines of economic history, social history, foreign policy analysis and international political economy, this dissertation attempts to throw light on a rather neglected corner of international relations

The political economy of pricing and price risk in Ghana’s cocoa marketing system

The price of cocoa beans is highly volatile and largely determined at the international commodity exchanges in London and New York. The Ghanaian economy relies heavily on the export of cocoa beans to generate foreign reserves, and many Ghanaian citizens rely directly or indirectly on cocoa beans for income generation. Highly volatile cocoa prices translate into volatile revenues, income and exchange rates, which pose challenges for the Ghanaian government to manage its internal and external balances. Drawing on John R Commons’s institutional economics, we propose an institutional theory of price to understand the pricing mechanisms along the cocoa chain. Using interviews with cocoa stakeholders in and outside Ghana in 2024 and a map of the pricing points along the cocoa chain, we then provide a political economy analysis of cocoa pricing and the distribution of price risks. We argue that Ghana’s price risk is currently managed by its counterparties to its disadvantage, with large multinational companies reaping the benefits from the current institutional arrangement. We provide tentative policy suggestions that would enable Ghana to gain greater flexibility in and control over managing its cocoa price-risk exposure

Soot surface growth and oxidation in laminar unsaturated-hydrocarbon/air diffusion flames

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77246/1/AIAA-2002-1116-550.pd

The influence of mass tourism and hygroscopic inertia in relative humidity fluctuations of museums located in historical buildings

The preservation of artefacts in museum collections is profoundly affected by fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity. This work presents the results of an experimental laboratorial study, conducted in a flow chamber to demonstrate the enormous potential of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing interior relative humidity. In order to assess the risk of mass tourism and hygroscopic inertia of finishing materials, associated with the hygrothermal behavior of museums, an analysis of several numerical scenarios, with a different number of visitors per hour, and finishing materials, in order to quantify the risks associated with the fluctuations of relative humidity. The results of sensitivity studies performed are presented for the case of a museum in Porto

Echocardiographic Confirmation of Mitral Valve Prolapse: A New Finding on Radionuclide Ventriculography- A Case Report

A prominent filling defect was depicted on a radionuclide ventriculogram in a patient with mitral regurgitation. This defect was later shown, by cardiac ultrasound, to be due to mitral valve prolapse into the left ventricle during diastole. This case illustrates that mitral valve prolapse should be added to the list of clinical entities that can result in an intraventricular defect on a radionu clide ventriculogram.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67208/2/10.1177_000331978904000209.pd

Scintigraphic detection of sinusitis

Radionuclide scintigraphy is useful in the diagnosis of sinusitis. Three cases are described, using different radionuclide agents ( 99m Tc-MDP, 67 Ga-citrate and 111 Inleukocytes) in which sinusitis was discovered, though clinically unsuspected. The advantages and limitations of these agents are briefly reviewed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46826/1/259_2004_Article_BF00286775.pd