25 research outputs found
Antigenic extracts of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania amazonensis associated with saponin partially protects BALB/c mice against Leishmania chagasi infection by suppressing IL-10 and IL-4 production
This study evaluated two vaccine candidates for their effectiveness in protecting BALB/c mice against Leishmania chagasiinfection. These immunogenic preparations were composed of Leishmania amazonensisor Leishmania braziliensisantigenic extracts in association with saponin adjuvant. Mice were given three subcutaneous doses of one of these vaccine candidates weekly for three weeks and four weeks later challenged with promastigotes of L. chagasiby intravenous injection. We observed that both vaccine candidates induced a significant reduction in the parasite load of the liver, while the L. amazonensisantigenic extract also stimulated a reduction in spleen parasite load. This protection was associated with a suppression of both interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 cytokines by spleen cells in response to L. chagasiantigen. No change was detected in the production of IFN-γ. Our data show that these immunogenic preparations reduce the type 2 immune response leading to the control of parasite replication
Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D*) and R(D0)
The ratios of branching fractions
R
(
D
â
)
âĄ
B
(
ÂŻ
B
â
D
â
Ï
â
ÂŻ
Μ
Ï
)
/
B
(
ÂŻ
B
â
D
â
Ό
â
ÂŻ
Μ
Ό
)
and
R
(
D
0
)
âĄ
B
(
B
â
â
D
0
Ï
â
ÂŻ
Μ
Ï
)
/
B
(
B
â
â
D
0
Ό
â
ÂŻ
Μ
Ό
)
are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to
3.0
â
â
fb
â
1
of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode
Ï
â
â
Ό
â
Μ
Ï
ÂŻ
Μ
Ό
. The measured values are
R
(
D
â
)
=
0.281
±
0.018
±
0.024
and
R
(
D
0
)
=
0.441
±
0.060
±
0.066
, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is
Ï
=
â
0.43
. The results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the standard model
Sleep bruxism: challenges and restorative solutions
Cristiane Machado Mengatto, Fábio Herrmann Coelho-de-Souza, Oswaldo Baptista de Souza Junior Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil Abstract: Bruxism is a parafunctional activity related to clenching or grinding the teeth and tooth wear can be a consequence of sleep bruxism (SB). Management of severe tooth wear due to SB is a challenging situation because of the common reduced amount of remaining dental structure and loss of vertical dimension of occlusion. Rationale for the planning of oral rehabilitation of patients with SB presenting severe tooth wear should rely on evidence-based approaches; however, few studies have discussed properties of dental materials for SB rehabilitation and how to cosmetically manage severe tooth wear. This review aimed to provide an overview into bruxism cosmetic rehabilitation and how this can be implemented with good outcomes for the patient. Keywords: sleep bruxism, restoration, rehabilitation, prosthodontics, dentistr
Tratamento cirĂșrgico do divertĂculo de zenker
O divertĂculo de Zenker (DZ) Ă© uma doença muito pouco freqĂŒente, cujo sintoma mais importante Ă© a disfagia cervical. Os aspectos de sua etiopatogenia ainda sĂŁo motivos de vĂĄrias pesquisas na literatura, atravĂ©s de estudos manomĂ©tricos e cinerradiogrĂĄficos. O tratamento mais empregado Ă© o cirĂșrgico, favorecendo quase a totalidade dos doentes, com Ăndices de recidiva muito baixos. PorĂ©m, algumas publicaçÔes enfatizam as vantagens do tratamento endoscĂłpico. Foram revisados 39 doentes, tratados no Serviço nos Ășltimos 15 anos, sendo que 28 foram do sexo masculino (71,8%). A idade do grupo variou de 18 a 86 anos (mĂ©dia 54,5 anos). Os principais sintomas foram a disfagia cervical (89,8%), a regurgitação alimentar (71,8%), a tosse repetitiva (30.7%) e o emagrecimento importante (25,6%). Dois pacientes apresentaram diverticulite aguda e perfuração (5,1 %). O diagnĂłstico foi estabelecido atravĂ©s de radiografias contrastadas em 37 pacientes (94,8%) e de endoscopia digestiva em 28 (71,7%). A eletromanometria foi realizada em 13 casos (33,3%). O tratamento consistiu de diverticulectomia seguida de miotomia do esfincter do mĂșsculo cricofarĂngeo em 24 pacientes (61,5%) e diverticulopexia seguida da mesma miotomia em 15 pacientes (38,5%). No seguimento a longo prazo de 35 pacientes (89,8%), variando de cinco meses a 12 anos (mĂ©dia 4,5 anos), ocorreu melhora importante com desaparecimento da disfagia em todos os casos. TrĂȘs pacientes (7,7%) persistiram sintomas disfĂĄgicos leves e inconstantes. Um paciente faleceu em decorrĂȘncia de complicaçÔes cardĂacas e pulmonares. Os estudos histopatolĂłgicos dos divertĂculos ressecados mostraram a presença de tumor maligno neuroendĂłcrino em um paciente (2,5%). Os doentes submetidos a diverticulopexia receberam alta hospitalar mais precocemente. Os autores discutem os aspectos atuais da fisiopatologia do DZ, analisam as opçÔes de tratamento e os resultados da literatura, comparando com os obtidos neste estudo. Concluindo, os resultados mostram que tanto a diverticulectomia como a diverticulopexia podem ser utilizadas, ambas seguidas de miotomia do mĂșsculo cricofarĂngeo. A diverticulopexia mostrou ser uma opção muito satisfatĂłria para os divertĂculos de tamanhos pequenos e mĂ©dios