Ward Identities and chiral anomalies for coupled fermionic chains

Coupled fermionic chains are usually described by an effective model written in terms of bonding and anti-bonding spinless fields with linear dispersion in the vicinities of the respective Fermi points. We derive for the first time exact Ward Identities (WI) for this model, proving the existence of chiral anomalies which verify the Adler-Bardeen non-renormalization property. Such WI are expected to play a crucial role in the understanding of the thermodynamic properties of the system. Our results are non-perturbative and are obtained analyzing Grassmann functional integrals by means of Constructive Quantum Field Theory methods.Comment: TeX file, 26 pages, 7 figures. Published version, new section added to answer referee remarks and derive the Ward Identites, no modifications in the main resul

Indicadores para a avaliação da disponibilidade hídrica para o desenvolvimento sustentável da atividade canavieira irrigada.

Para a racionalização do uso dos recursos hídricos e promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável da atividade canavieira na região Centro-Oeste torna-se importante o desenvolvimento de procedimentos metodológicos que possam fornecer subsídios técnicos para o planejamento e gestão setorial - agricultura e recursos hídricos. O presente trabalho apresenta dois indicadores concebidos para a avaliação do potencial da disponibilidade hídrica para atender a demanda projetada de água para o desenvolvimento da atividade canavieira

Cuidados básicos com fotômetro de chama.

bitstream/CNPDIA/10040/1/RT07_97.pd

Sistema de indicadores para a avaliação da sustentabilidade hídrica da atividade canaviera.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo de caso realizado na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Verde (BHRV) para demonstrar a aplicabilidade do Sistema de Indicadores - SISHidro-Cana - para a avaliação da sustentabilidade hídrica da cultura canavieira, proposta por Ferraz (2012), como uma metodologia para avaliar a disponibilidade de água de bacias hidrográficas para subsidiar a proposição de políticas setoriais, ordenação territorial, planejamento agrícola e gestão dos recursos hídricos

Building performance analysis of a dairy factory in South Iraq: appraisal of a local bio-based envelope

Received: February 4th, 2021 ; Accepted: April 24th, 2021 ; Published: April 29th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] have a relevant impact on the environment, and building materials cause environmental impacts during all life cycle stages: production, utilization, management and demolition. The global request for more efficient buildings with less environmental impacts has grown during the last years. Among various technologies, thermal insulation has proven to be helpful in reducing emissions by increasing energy conservation. This paper intends to show how the Building Performance Analysis (BPA) supports the decision-making process in many areas where common insulation materials are not available and there is a general reluctance to use local natural materials. A building located in the city of Al Chubaish in Dhi Qar Province in Iraq is examined as a case study. The construction is designed for processing buffalo milk. It was built in the first decade of the century, during the Iraqi conflict, using only the materials available at that time, most of which, concrete bricks, mortar and plaster. Currently, this dairy factory is a very inefficient structure in terms of energy saving. But because its elementary form, it is a perfect example to investigate how a simple exterior wall insulation can improve building performance in extreme environmental conditions. Accordingly, two different models have been created. One is the replica of the real building without any upgrading. The second instead presents a thermal insulation realized with reed bio-based material locally available. Through advanced simulation engines and building performance analysis data integrated into Autodesk Revit, each model has been tested to identify significant improvements in terms of energy savings in this particular stressed background

Produção orgânica de cana-de-açúcar, manejo e biodiversidade: estudo de caso.

Este trabalho objetivou trazer um resumo do conjunto das ações e práticas diferenciais de cultivo orgânico e manejo ecológico em um agroecossistema de cana-de-açúcar. Foi utilizada ampla revisão bibliográfica, consulta a acervos técnicos e científicos especializados, observações e incursões a campo. Foram analisadas as informações disponíveis, como documentos, diagnósticos, relatórios, dados primários e secundários. Os resultados das ações e práticas implementadas foram positivos e benéficos nas esferas ambientais, econômicas e sociais, diferentemente daqueles praticados nos sistemas convencionais. O modelo avaliado mostrou-se importante e efetivo na recuperação, conservação e manutenção da biodiversidade, além de se mostrar eficiente como instrumento de minimização dos impactos sociais associados ao setor. O sistema evidenciou um maior patamar de sustentabilidade quando comparado ao convencional

Consequências do cultivo orgânico da cana-de-açúcar, sob o manejo ecológico sobre a biodiversidade faunística.

A fauna silvestre em áreas agrícolas é um fato ainda pouco estudado. O tipo de manejo empregado promoverá uma discriminação diferenciada sobre a composição dos povoamentos faunísticos. Esse projeto de pesquisa foi desenvolvido pela equipe da EMBRAPA Monitoramento por Satélite e visou detectar e caracterizar a biodiversidade de vertebrados em território delimitado. A área de estudo compreende um conjunto de fazendas com 7.868 hectares sob cultivo orgânico e manejo ecológico, localizadas na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Através do emprego de imagens do satélite QuickBird foi elaborada a carta de uso e cobertura das terras e serviu de base para caracterizar dez tipos de ambientes ou habitats, entre naturais e restaurados, disponíveis para a fauna silvestre. Uma ficha de levantamento précodificada foi estabelecida e utilizada em mais de 2000 levantamentos de campo. Foram registradas e identificadas 331 espécies de vertebrados silvestres no conjunto dos dez ambientes amostrados (27 anfíbios, 19 répteis, 245 aves e 40 mamíferos), das quais 49 das espécies são consideradas ou estão sob algum risco ou ameaça de extinção no estado de São Paulo. O itinerário metodológico adotado para avaliar a biodiversidade faunística permitiu atingir os objetivos da pesquisa e revelou-se plenamente adequado e confirmou sua eficácia. Os resultados obtidos até o momento indicam que o cultivo em sistemas orgânicos, associado ao manejo ecológico tem favorecido a biodiversidade faunística

Spatial variability of litter temperature, relative air humidity and skin temperature of chicks in a commercial broiler house

ArticleThe thermal environment inside a broiler house has a great influence on animal welfare and productivity during the production phase. Among the importance of the chicken litter is the function of absorbing moisture, provide thermal insulation and provide a soft surface for broilers. The skin temperature is an important physiological parameter to quantify the thermal comfort of animals, its variations may occur as a function of thermal variables. So, the aim of this work was to analyse the magnitude and spatial variability of chicken litter temperature and relative humidity of the air and to correlate them with the spatial distribution of chicks’ skin surface temperature throughout the broiler house during the 7th, 14th and 21st days of the chicks’ life, using geostatistical techniques. The experiment was performed in a commercial broiler house located in the western mesoregion of Minas Gerais, Brazil, where 28,000 male Cobb chicks were housed. The heating system consisted of an industrial indirect-fired biomass furnace. The heated air was inflated by an AC motor, 2,206 W of power, 1,725 RPM. Geostatistical techniques were used through semivariogram analysis and isochore maps were generated through data interpolation by kriging. The semivariogram was fitted by the restricted maximum likelihood method. The used mathematical model was the spherical one. After fitting the semivariograms, the data were interpolated by ordinary kriging. The semivariograms along with the isochore maps allowed identifying the non-uniformity of spatial distribution of the broiler litter temperature throughout the broiler house for 3 days of chicks’ life. It was observed that skin surface presented a positive correlation with the litter temperature and a negative correlation with the air humidity. The semivariograms along with the isochore maps allowed identifying the non-uniformity of spatial distribution of the litter temperature, air humidity and skin temperature of chicks throughout the broiler aviary for the three days. In addition, the use of geostatistics and distribution maps made possible to identify different environmental conditions in regions inside the broiler house that may harm the development of chicks

Determinação das características morfológica de petúnias comuns (petunia x hybrida) cultivadas em tubetes biodegradáveis

The market for ornamental plants and flowers has been growing a lot in recent years, in the country, due to its importance in interior design. Petunias are seeded first in seedbeds and then replanted in  plastic bags. In order to examine the potential use of biodegradable containers, an experiment was conducted at the experimental site of the Department of Natural Resources/Forestry Science, at Agronomics Sciences College of UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo (Brazil), with common petunias (Petunia x hybrida) grown in greenhouses. The irrigation system used in the experiment was the spraying, without added nutrients. Four irrigations of approximately 15 minutes each were carried out every day, two in the morning  and two in the afternoon, for irrigation. The containers used for the formation of seedlings were lack polyethylene plastic bags and biodegradable plastic tubes. The development of the seedlings was accompanied taking into account the morphological characteristics of shoot height (H), diameter of the neck (D), leaf area (AF) and length of the root system (CSR). Analysis of the substrate, analysis of water quality and loss of weight of the biodegradable plastic tubes were also carried out. The results showed that the petunia seedlings develop better in plastic bags than in biodegradable containers and that the limiting factor was the water deficit of seedlings due to high permeability of the biodegradable containers. For a better development of seedlings in biodegradable containers, it would be necessary to adjust the irrigation regime so that water is better distributed.O mercado de plantas ornamentais e  flores no país vêm crescendo muitos nos últimos anos, por sua característica na decoração de ambientes. A petúnia é propagada inicialmente em sementeiras e depois replantada em saquinhos plásticos. Para verificar o potencial do uso de recipientes biodegradáveis, um experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Recursos Naturais/Ciências Florestais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP de Botucatu-SP, com petúnias comuns (Petunia x hybrida)  cultivadas no interior de estufas. O sistema de irrigação utilizado no experimento foi o de aspersão, sem adição de nutrientes. Foram realizadas quatro irrigações por dia, sendo duas no turno da manhã e duas no período vespertino. O tempo de cada irrigação foi aproximadamente 15 minutos. Os recipientes usados para a formação das mudas foram sacos plásticos de polietileno na cor preta e tubetes biodegradáveis. O desenvolvimento das mudas foi acompanhado pelas características morfológicas altura da parte aérea (H), diâmetro do colo (D), área foliar (AF) e comprimento do sistema radicular (CSR). Foram feitas também análise do substrato, análise da qualidade da água e a perda de massa dos tubetes biodegradáveis. A análise dos dados mostrou que as mudas de petúnia em sacos plásticos se desenvolveram melhor que nos recipientes biodegradáveis e que o fator limitante foi o déficit hídrico das mudas em razão da elevada permeabilidade dos recipientes biodegradáveis. Para melhor desenvolvimento das mudas em recipientes biodegradáveis haveria necessidade de ajustar o regime de irrigação de forma a que a água seja melhor distribuída

Indoor air pollution on nurseries and primary schools: impact on childhood asthma – study protocol

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated an association between the exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP) and childhood asthma. Evidence is suggesting that several air pollutants may contribute to both exacerbation and development of asthma, but some uncertainty remains concerning the specific causative role of IAP. This paper reports an epidemiologic study aiming to reduce the existing lacks on the association between long-term exposure to pollution mixtures and the development and exacerbation of childhood asthma. METHODS/DESIGN: Based on the implementation of the study in 8 nurseries and 8 primary schools, from which, 2 nurseries and 2 primary schools in sites influenced by traffic and other 2 nurseries and 2 primary schools in background sites at urban and rural areas, the study will analyse the exposure to both urban and rural pollution as well as to traffic emissions (some homes of the children will be included in the study). Furthermore, based on the answers to validated questionnaires (as those used in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood - ISAAC) filled in by the parents and on medical exams, the study will assess the prevalence, incidence and exacerbation of asthma, thus considering both short and long-term effects. The approximate number of children in the study will never be less than 600, guaranteeing 80% of study power (significant at a 5% level). DISCUSSION: This study intends to contribute for the understanding of the role of environmental factors, namely indoor air pollution, on asthma considering a risk group of different ages, and for the development of preventive measures, which are considered priority issues by the European Commission, according to the European Environmental Agency and the World Health Organization