6,001 research outputs found
Caracterização morfológica, agronômica e fenológica de arroz-vermelho coletados nos Estados da Paraíba e Ceará.
O objetivo deste trabalho é informar à comunidade científica em geral especialmente aos melhoristas, os resultados da avaliação morfológica, agronômica e fenológica de acessos de arroz-vermelho e de cariopse branca, coletados naqueles estados
Atomic detection in microwave cavity experiments: a dynamical model
We construct a model for the detection of one atom maser in the context of
cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) used to study coherence properties of
superpositions of electromagnetic modes. Analytic expressions for the atomic
ionization are obtained, considering the imperfections of the measurement
process due to the probabilistic nature of the interactions between the
ionization field and the atoms. Limited efficiency and false counting rates are
considered in a dynamical context, and consequent results on the information
about the state of the cavity modes are obtained.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur
Control of state and state entanglement with a single auxiliary subsystem
We present a strategy to control the evolution of a quantum system. The novel
aspect of this protocol is the use of a \emph{single auxiliary subsystem}. Two
applications are given, one which allows for state preservation and another
which controls the degree of entanglement of a given initial state
Características agronômicas, botânicas, e fenológicas de genótipos de arroz-vermelho.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar algumas informações sobre os genótipos de arroz-vermelho coletados em regiões brasileiras
Caracterização morfoagronômica e fenológica de acessos da coleção de arroz da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as características morfoagronômicas e fenológicas de acessos de arroz-cateto coletados em regiões de cultivo no país
Pandemic influenza control in Europe and the constraints resulting from incoherent public health laws
© 2010 Martin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background: With the emergence of influenza H1N1v the world is facing its first 21st century global pandemic. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and avian influenza H5N1 prompted development of pandemic preparedness plans. National systems of public health law are essential for public health stewardship and for the implementation of public health policy[1]. International coherence will contribute to effective regional and global responses. However little research has been undertaken on how law works as a tool for disease control in Europe. With co-funding from the European Union, we investigated the extent to which laws across Europe support or constrain pandemic preparedness planning, and whether national differences are likely to constrain control efforts. Methods: We undertook a survey of national public health laws across 32 European states using a questionnaire designed around a disease scenario based on pandemic influenza. Questionnaire results were reviewed in workshops, analysing how differences between national laws might support or hinder regional responses to pandemic influenza. Respondents examined the impact of national laws on the movements of information, goods, services and people across borders in a time of pandemic, the capacity for surveillance, case detection, case management and community control, the deployment of strategies of prevention, containment, mitigation and recovery and the identification of commonalities and disconnects across states. Results: Results of this study show differences across Europe in the extent to which national pandemic policy and pandemic plans have been integrated with public health laws. We found significant differences in legislation and in the legitimacy of strategic plans. States differ in the range and the nature of intervention measures authorized by law, the extent to which borders could be closed to movement of persons and goods during a pandemic, and access to healthcare of non-resident persons. Some states propose use of emergency powers that might potentially override human rights protections while other states propose to limit interventions to those authorized by public health laws. Conclusion: These differences could create problems for European strategies if an evolving influenza pandemic results in more serious public health challenges or, indeed, if a novel disease other than influenza emerges with pandemic potential. There is insufficient understanding across Europe of the role and importance of law in pandemic planning. States need to build capacity in public health law to support disease prevention and control policies. Our research suggests that states would welcome further guidance from the EU on management of a pandemic, and guidance to assist in greater commonality of legal approaches across states.Peer reviewe
Runoff at the micro-plot and slope scale following wildfire, central Portugal
Through their effects on soil properties and vegetation/litter cover, wildfires can strongly enhance overland flow generation and accelerate soil erosion [1] and, thereby, negatively affect land-use sustainability as well as downstream aquatic and flood zones. Wildfires are a common phenomenon in present-day Portugal, devastating in an average year some 100.000 ha of forest and woodlands and in an exceptional year like 2003 over 400.000 ha. There therefore exists a clear need in Portugal for a tool that can provide guidance to post-fire land management by predicting soil erosion risk, on the one hand, and, on the other, the mitigation effectiveness of soil conservation measures. Such a tool has recently been developed for the Western U.S.A. [3: ERMiT] but its suitability for Portuguese forests will need to be corroborated by field observations.
Testing the suitability of existing erosion models in recently burned forest areas in Portugal is, in a nutshell, the aim of the EROSFIRE projects. In the first EROSFIRE project the emphasis was on the prediction of erosion at the scale of individual hill slopes. In the ongoing EROSFIRE-II project the spatial scope is extended to include the catchment scale, so that also the connectivity between hill slopes as well as channel and road processes are being addressed. Besides ERMiT, the principal models under evaluation for slope-scale erosion prediction are: (i) the variant of USLE [4] applied by the Portuguese Water Institute after the wildfires of 2003; (ii) the Morgan–Morgan–Finney model (MMF) [5]; (iii) MEFIDIS [6]. From these models, MEFIDIS and perhaps MMF will, after successful calibration at the slope scale, also be applied for predicting catchment-scale sediment yields of extreme events
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