Aporte de serrapilheira ao solo em estágios sucessionais florestais na reserva biológica de Poço das Antas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

Foram definidos mosaícos de fitofisionomias temporais em sistemas tropicais de baixada localizados na REBIO de Poço das Antas, RJ - Brasil. A serrapilheira foi quantificada com coletas quinzenais e determinada sua concentração de nutrientes via fração foliar em intervalos bimestrais. A floresta avançada apresentou o maior aporte de 6,9 mais ou menos 1,1 ton ha-1 ano-1 total, o estágio intermediário com 5,5 mais ou menos 0,5 ton ha-1 ano-1 total e para o plantio 3 mais ou menos 0,7 ton ha-1 ano-1 total. As concentrações via serrapilheira (fração foliar) dos nutrientes N, P, K e Ca foram maiores com o uso de Mimosa bimucronata (DC) O. kuntze nos reflorestamentos, demonstrando ser esta uma espécie de potencial elevado quanto ao conteúdo nutricional à recomposição de ecossistemas. Sua estratégia de renovação foliar ocorre sob o ritmo perenifólio, com maior contribuição na estação chuvosa e sincronizado a fase reprodutiva. A magnitude de transferência dos nutrientes na fração foliar para os estágios estudados segue a ordem de concentração: P < K < Mg < Ca < N < C. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas quanto as concentrações de entrada dos nutrientes entre as estações nos estágios estudados. Gaps of temporal fitofisionoms were defined on lowland tropical systems localized in the Biologic Reserve of Poço das Antas RJ - Brazil. The litter-fall was quantificated by each fifteen days and was determinated the nutrient concentration of foliar fraction each two months. The oldest forest had the major litter-fall, 6.9 l l.l ton ha-1 total as the other fractions, when compared with the intermediate age forest with 5.5 1 0.5 ton ha-1 year-1 total. The plantation had the lowest values, 3.0 1 0.7 ton ha-1 year1 total. The foliar litter-fall concentration of N, P, K, Ca nutrients were bigger for Mimosa bimucronata (DC.). O. kuntze crop, showing then the great ecosystems nutritional recomposition potential of this specie with foliar renovation strategy occurs under perenifolial rhythm, mostly in the rain season synchronized to the reproduction phase. The transference rate of nutrients in the studied foliar fraction follows this concentration order: P < K < Mg < Ca < N < C.Parceria: UFRRJ

Atomic Focusing by Quantum Fields: Entanglement Properties

The coherent manipulation of the atomic matter waves is of great interest both in science and technology. In order to study how an atom optic device alters the coherence of an atomic beam, we consider the quantum lens proposed by Averbukh et al [1] to show the discrete nature of the electromagnetic field. We extend the analysis of this quantum lens to the study of another essentially quantum property present in the focusing process, i.e., the atom-field entanglement, and show how the initial atomic coherence and purity are affected by the entanglement. The dynamics of this process is obtained in closed form. We calculate the beam quality factor and the trace of the square of the reduced density matrix as a function of the average photon number in order to analyze the coherence and purity of the atomic beam during the focusing process.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Classical and quantum coupled oscillators: symplectic structure

We consider a set of N linearly coupled harmonic oscillators and show that the diagonalization of this problem can be put in geometrical terms. The matrix techniques developed here allowed for solutions in both the classical and quantum regimes.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure

Time evolution of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems

We provide time-evolution operators, gauge transformations and a perturbative treatment for non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems, which are explicitly time-dependent. We determine various new equivalence pairs for Hermitian and non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which are therefore pseudo-Hermitian and in addition in some cases also invariant under PT-symmetry. In particular, for the harmonic oscillator perturbed by a cubic non-Hermitian term, we evaluate explicitly various transition amplitudes, for the situation when these systems are exposed to a monochromatic linearly polarized electric field.Comment: 25 pages Latex, 1 eps figure, references adde

Resonant enhancements of high-order harmonic generation

Solving the one-dimensional time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for simple model potentials, we investigate resonance-enhanced high-order harmonic generation, with emphasis on the physical mechanism of the enhancement. By truncating a long-range potential, we investigate the significance of the long-range tail, the Rydberg series, and the existence of highly excited states for the enhancements in question. We conclude that the channel closings typical of a short-range or zero-range potential are capable of generating essentially the same effects.Comment: 7 pages revtex, 4 figures (ps files

On reference frames in spacetime and gravitational energy in freely falling frames

We consider the interpretation of tetrad fields as reference frames in spacetime. Reference frames may be characterized by an antisymmetric acceleration tensor, whose components are identified as the inertial accelerations of the frame (the translational acceleration and the frequency of rotation of the frame). This tensor is closely related to gravitoelectromagnetic field quantities. We construct the set of tetrad fields adapted to observers that are in free fall in the Schwarzschild spacetime, and show that the gravitational energy-momentum constructed out of this set of tetrad fields, in the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relatrivity, vanishes. This result is in agreement with the principle of equivalence, and may be taken as a condition for a viable definition of gravitational energy.Comment: 19 pages, no figures, accepted by Classical and Quantum Gravit

Synthesis of indium tin oxide nanoparticles by a nonhydrolytic sol-gel method

Indium tin oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in two different sizes by a nonhydrolytic sol-gel method. These powders were then transformed into ITO via an intermediate metastable state at between 300 and 600 ºC. The presence of characteristic O-In-O and O-Sn-O bands at 480 and 670 cm-1 confirmed the formation of ITO. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the preferential formation of metastable hexagonal phase ITO (corundum type) as opposed to cubic phase ITO when the reflux time was less than 3 h and the heat treatment temperature was below 600 ºC. Particle morphology and crystal size were examined by scanning electron microscopy

Time Evolution of tunneling and decoherence: soluble model

Decoherence effects associated to the damping of a tunneling two-level system are shown to dominate the tunneling probability at short times in strong coupling regimes in the context of a soluble model. A general decomposition of tunneling rates in dissipative and unitary parts is implemented. Master equation treatments fail to describe the model system correctly when more than a single relaxation time is involved