Le retard de croissance intra-utérin (RCIU) altère-t-il la maturation de la barrière et la mise en place du microbiote colique au cours du développement postnatal ? (ces effets sont-ils encore perceptibles chez l'adulte ?)

NANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Intrauterine growth restriction alters postnatal colonic barrier maturation in rats

International audienceIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity and increases the risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. We hypothesized that colonic barrier disruption could be responsible for intestinal frailty in infants and adults born with IUGR. Mucins and trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) actively contribute to epithelium protection and healing. Our aim was to determine whether IUGR affects colonic mucosa maturation. IUGR was induced by dietary protein restriction in pregnant dams. Mucins and Tff3 expression and morphologic maturation of the colonic mucosa were followed during postnatal development of the offspring. Before weaning, mucin 2 and Tff3 protein levels were reduced in colonic mucosa of rats with IUGR compared with controls. After weaning, expression of mucin 2 (mRNA and protein) and mucin 4 (mRNA) were lower in colonic mucosa of rats with IUGR. At the same time, IUGR was associated with a reduction of crypt depth and a higher percentage of crypts in fission. We conclude that IUGR impairs mucus barrier development and is associated with long-term alterations of mucin expression. The lack of an efficient colonic barrier induced by IUGR may predispose to colonic injury not only in neonatal life but also in later life. Abbreviations: Cdx-2, caudal-related homeobox protein 2; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; Tff3, trefoil factor family

Genipap (Genipa americana L.) juice intake biomarkers after medium-term consumption

International audienceGenipap (Genipa americana L.) is an exotic fruit largely consumed and well known, in Amazonian pharmacopeia, to treat anemia, measles and uterine cancer. It is also used as a diuretic, digestive, healing, laxative and antiseptic. The aim of this study was to apply an untargeted metabolomics strategy to determine biomarkers of food intake after short-term consumption of genipap juice. Sixteen healthy adult men were administered jenipap juice (250 mL) twice a day for three weeks. Before and after the three weeks of consumption. the subjects drank a control drink, and they consumed a standard diet. Urine was collected after 0-6 h, 6-12 h and 12-24 h. An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was applied to analyze the urine samples. Principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to highlight experimental differences between groups. The value of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve validated the identified biomarkers. Thirty-one statistically affected urinary metabolites were putatively identified and were mainly related to iridoids family, medium-chain fatty acids, and polyphenols. Also a group of urinary markers including dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid were established as biomarkers of genipap consumption. Our findings have established a comprehensive panel of changes in the urinary metabolome and provided information to monitor endogenous alterations that are linked to genipap juice intake. These data should be used in further studies to understand the health implications of genipap juice consumption

Salidroside supplementation associated with resistance exercise enhances physical performance in old mice

National audienc

Rhaponticum carthamoides and Rhodiola rosea plant extracts: the right combination between both to get the optimal effect on muscle de novo protein synthesis and performance gain

We previously reported in C2C12 myotubes that a Rhaponticum carthamoides root extract (RCE) was able to significantly stimulate protein synthesis and induce an activation of the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway (induction of Akt and S6K1 phospohrylations), that a Rhodiola rosea root extract (RRE) had also the capacity to induce protein synthesis and to inhibit myostatin gene expression and that the combination of both exhibited inhibition of atrogin gene expression (unpublished). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of RCE or RRE alone or combinations of both on acute muscle protein synthesis stimulation and on performance gain following a 4-week resistance training program in adult rats. Acutely, rats were trained on a ladder making 3 repetitions of 10 climbs with a load that successively reached 0%, 50% and 75% of their body mass and were fed (oral gavage) just after training with either placebo, whey protein (910 mg/kg bw) as a positive control, RRE (43 mg/kg bw), RCE (43 mg/kg) and different doses of a 50:50 combination of both (87, 43, 22 or 9 mg/kg bw). RCE alone but not RRE was able to significantly stimulate protein synthesis as measured by western blot quantitative analysis of puromycin incorporation in the flexor digitorum profondus (FDP) and in comparison to placebo (200% versus 100% for RCE and placebo group respectively). Any doses of the combination was significantly superior to RRE alone (300% versus 150%) or RCE alone (300% versus 200%) and also significantly superior to whey proteins (300% versus 150%). The same results were obtained in the biceps and deltoid muscles. In the second part of the study rats followed a 4-week progressive resistance training program while consuming RRE alone (22 mg/kg), RCE alone (22 mg/kg) and different ratio and doses of the combination (50:50 ratio: 43, 22 or 9 mg/kg bw; 83 RCE:17 RRE ratio: 26 mg/kg; 76 RCE:24 RRE ratio: 28 mg/kg; 70 RCE:30 RRE ratio: 15 mg/kg. Training sessions (19) consisted in one set of 10 repetitions with 2 minutes rest between trials and 5 minutes between each set, were held five times a week with initial load fixed at 50% of the rat body weight and increased progressively until 200% after 4 weeks. Maximal repetition was determined as the maximum weight carried up the exercise ladder by the rats in one climb and performance gain was calculated as delta power (post versus pre resistance training). As shown in Figure 1, RCE alone but not RRE was able to significantly increase performance gain in comparison to placebo after 4 weeks of resistance training (0.66±0.08 versus 0.39±0.08 W respectively, + 65%, p<0.05). A synergistic effect on performance gain was detected for the 50:50 combination but interestingly, the combination ratio 70:30 warranted the best improvement of performance gain with the lower daily dosage (15 mg/kg bw) in comparison to placebo (0.62±0.08 versus 0.39±0.08 W respectively, + 59%, p<0.05). These results clearly demonstrated synergy of the combination of extracts on protein synthesis stimulation in the FDP, deltoid and biceps muscles following acute resistance exercise and an improvement of performance gain following a 4-week resistance training program. Those effects are currently investigated in recreationally active men and histological analysis of muscle fibers are under investigations in rats to understand what could drive the effect on performance

Acute and chronic effects of Rhaponticum carthamoides and Rhodiola rosea extracts supplementation coupled to resistance exercise on muscle protein synthesis and mechanical power in rats

International audienceBackground: Owing to its strength-building and adaptogenic properties, Rhaponticum carthamoides (Rha) has been commonly used by elite Soviet and Russian athletes. Rhodiola rosea (Rho) is known to reduce physical and mental fatigue and improve endurance performance. However, the association of these two nutritional supplements with resistance exercise performance has never been tested. Resistance exercise is still the best way to stimulate protein synthesis and induce chronic muscle adaptations. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of resistance exercise coupled with Rha and Rho supplementation on protein synthesis, muscle phenotype, and physical performance. Methods: For the acute study, fifty-six rats were assigned to either a trained control group or one of the groups treated with specific doses of Rha and/or Rho. Each rats performed a single bout of climbing resistance exercise. The supplements were administered immediately after exercise by oral gavage. Protein synthesis was measured via puromycin incorporation. For the chronic study, forty rats were assigned to either the control group or one of the groups treated with doses adjusted from the acute study results. The rats were trained five times per week for 4 weeks with the same bout of climbing resistance exercise with additionals loads. Rha + Rho supplement was administered immediately after each training by oral gavage. Results: The findings of the acute study indicated that Rha and Rha + Rho supplementation after resistance exercise stimulated protein synthesis more than resistance exercise alone (p < 0.05). After 4 weeks of training, the mean power performance was increased in the Rha + Rho and Rha-alone groups (p < 0.05) without any significant supplementation effect on muscle weight or fiber cross-sectional area. A tendency towards an increase in type I/ type II fiber ratio was observed in Rha/Rho-treated groups compared to that in the trained control group. Conclusion: Rhodiola and Rhaponticum supplementation after resistance exercise could synergistically improve protein synthesis, muscle phenotype and physical performance