Methods to Localize Shorts Between Power and Ground Circuits

In the competitive world of microprocessor design and manufacturing, rapid advancements can be facilitated by learning from the components made by one’s closest rivals. To make this possible, Orisar Inc. (formerly Semiconductor Insights) provides reverse engineering services to integrated circuit (IC) manufacturers. The process produces a circuit diagram from a chip and allows the manufacturer to learn about a competitor’s product. These services are also used to determine if any intellectual property infringements have been committed by their competitor. Reverse engineering of integrated circuit is made difficult by the shrinking form factor and increasing transistor density. To perform this complex task Orisar Inc. employs sophisticated techniques to capture the design of an IC. Electron microscope photography captures a detailed image of an IC layer. Because a typical IC contains more than one layer, each layer is photographed and physically removed from the IC to expose the next layer. A noise removal algorithm is then applied to the pictures, which are then passed to pattern recognition software in order to transfer the layer design into a polygonal representation of the circuit. At the last step a knowledgeable human expert looks at the polygonal representation and inputs the design into a standard electronic schematic with a CAD package. This process us currently very time consuming. We propose a method which can be easily automated thereby saving valuable worker time and accelerating the process of reverse engineering

A symbol-based algorithm for decoding bar codes

We investigate the problem of decoding a bar code from a signal measured with a hand-held laser-based scanner. Rather than formulating the inverse problem as one of binary image reconstruction, we instead incorporate the symbology of the bar code into the reconstruction algorithm directly, and search for a sparse representation of the UPC bar code with respect to this known dictionary. Our approach significantly reduces the degrees of freedom in the problem, allowing for accurate reconstruction that is robust to noise and unknown parameters in the scanning device. We propose a greedy reconstruction algorithm and provide robust reconstruction guarantees. Numerical examples illustrate the insensitivity of our symbology-based reconstruction to both imprecise model parameters and noise on the scanned measurements.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figure

Asymptotic and Numerical Techniques for Resonances of Thin Photonic Structures

We consider the problem of calculating resonance frequencies and radiative losses of an optical resonator. The optical resonator is in the form of a thin membrane with variable dielectric properties. This work provides two very different approaches for doing such calculations. The first is an asymptotic method which exploits the small thickness and high index of the membrane. We derive a limiting resonance problem as the thickness goes to zero, and for the case of a simple resonance, find a first order correction. The limiting problem and the correction are in one less space dimension, which can make the approach very efficient. Convergence estimates are proved for the asymptotics. The second approach, based on the finite element method with a truncated perfectly matched layer, is not restricted to thin structures. We demonstrate the use of these methods in numerical calculations which further illustrate their differences. The asymptotic method finds resonance by solving a dense, but small, nonlinear eigenvalue problem, whereas the finite element method yields a large, but linear and sparse generalized eigenvalue problem. Both methods reproduce a localized defect mode found previously by finite difference time domain methods

Humic Acid and Biofertilizer Applications Enhanced Pod and Cocoa Bean Production during the Dry Season at Kaliwining Plantation, Jember, East Java, Indonesia

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important crop in Indonesia, but many farmers still face problem in improving bean production. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of humic acid and biofertilizer applications on pod growth and yield of cocoa. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Plantation managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute at Jember District, East Java, Indonesia from June 2017 to February 2018. The experiment used mature tree of Sulawesi from one clone. Treatment used were humic acid at level of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm in combination with biofertilizer at level of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm that were applied through soil and foliar respectively. Results of this experiment showed that there was an interaction between humic acid and biofertilizer on beans number per plant and photosynthesis rate. Plants treated with 1000 ppm humic acid produced the highest number of small cherelle. Biofertilizer applied at 1500 ppm increased cherelle number, healthy cherelle, number of young pods, number of harvested pods, bean weight per plant and bean yield. The combination of 1000 ppm humic acid and 1500 ppm biofertilizer increased bean production by 39.7%. The high bean production was in line with the high photosynthetic rate. Thus, humic acid and biofertilizer applications could be a way to increase cocoa bean production in this area

A Topology-Preserving Level Set Method for Shape Optimization

The classical level set method, which represents the boundary of the unknown geometry as the zero-level set of a function, has been shown to be very effective in solving shape optimization problems. The present work addresses the issue of using a level set representation when there are simple geometrical and topological constraints. We propose a logarithmic barrier penalty which acts to enforce the constraints, leading to an approximate solution to shape design problems.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY NECESSITY AT AN INTEGRATED BUS TERMINAL IN INDONESIA

Abstract The integrated bus terminal as a part of public transportation infrastructure needs to be equipped with the application of communication and information technology, to meet and improve passenger service standards and terminal operational standards. This study aims to evaluate the availability and application of communication and information technology in integrated bus terminals in serving passengers. Based on existing conditions, it is recommended to enhance the application of communication and information technology to improve service to the community. A case study was carried out at the Pulo Gebang integrated bus terminal in Cakung, East Jakarta. Primary data was obtained by using questionnaires and secondary data, namely the number of passengers, the number of bus routes, and the application of communication and information technology, were obtained from the website of the Jakarta Transportation Agency. The analysis results show that the application of communication and information technology is indispensable in integrated bus terminals. In more detail, it was found that the application of communication and information technology in the terminal, with regard to booking tickets through the website or online and the availability of self-ticketing in the terminal, was the most important thing for bus passengers. Keywords: integrated bus terminal, information and communication, public transportation  Abstrak Terminal bus terpadu, sebagai bagian prasarana transportasi publik, perlu dilengkapi dengan penerapan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi, untuk memenuhi dan meningkatkan standar pelayanan penumpang dan standar operasional terminal. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ketersediaan dan penerapan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi di terminal bus terpadu dalam melayani penumpang. Berdasarkan kondisi eksisting, direkomendasikan perbaikan penerapan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Studi kasus dilakukan di terminal terpadu Pulo Gebang di Cakung, Jakarta Timur. Data primer diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan data sekunder, yaitu jumlah penumpang, jumlah rute bus, serta aplikasi teknologi komunikasi dan informasi, diperoleh dari laman Dinas Perhubungan Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi sangat diperlukan di terminal bus terpadu. Secara lebih detail diperoleh bahwa penerapan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi di terminal, berkenaan dengan pemesanan tiket melalui website atau online serta ketersediaan self-ticketing di terminal merupakan hal terpenting bagi penumpang bus. Kata-kata kunci: terminal bus terpadu, teknologi komunikasi dan informasi, transportasi publi

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY NECESSITY AT AN INTEGRATED BUS TERMINAL IN INDONESIA

Abstract The integrated bus terminal as a part of public transportation infrastructure needs to be equipped with the application of communication and information technology, to meet and improve passenger service standards and terminal operational standards. This study aims to evaluate the availability and application of communication and information technology in integrated bus terminals in serving passengers. Based on existing conditions, it is recommended to enhance the application of communication and information technology to improve service to the community. A case study was carried out at the Pulo Gebang integrated bus terminal in Cakung, East Jakarta. Primary data was obtained by using questionnaires and secondary data, namely the number of passengers, the number of bus routes, and the application of communication and information technology, were obtained from the website of the Jakarta Transportation Agency. The analysis results show that the application of communication and information technology is indispensable in integrated bus terminals. In more detail, it was found that the application of communication and information technology in the terminal, with regard to booking tickets through the website or online and the availability of self-ticketing in the terminal, was the most important thing for bus passengers. Keywords: integrated bus terminal, information and communication, public transportation  Abstrak Terminal bus terpadu, sebagai bagian prasarana transportasi publik, perlu dilengkapi dengan penerapan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi, untuk memenuhi dan meningkatkan standar pelayanan penumpang dan standar operasional terminal. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ketersediaan dan penerapan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi di terminal bus terpadu dalam melayani penumpang. Berdasarkan kondisi eksisting, direkomendasikan perbaikan penerapan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Studi kasus dilakukan di terminal terpadu Pulo Gebang di Cakung, Jakarta Timur. Data primer diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan data sekunder, yaitu jumlah penumpang, jumlah rute bus, serta aplikasi teknologi komunikasi dan informasi, diperoleh dari laman Dinas Perhubungan Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi sangat diperlukan di terminal bus terpadu. Secara lebih detail diperoleh bahwa penerapan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi di terminal, berkenaan dengan pemesanan tiket melalui website atau online serta ketersediaan self-ticketing di terminal merupakan hal terpenting bagi penumpang bus. Kata-kata kunci: terminal bus terpadu, teknologi komunikasi dan informasi, transportasi publi