Biochar as a soil conditioner for common bean plants

Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced during organic waste pyrolysis. In this context, two experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of biochar produced from rice husks and cattle manure on soil fertility and common bean production, as well as to identify the optimal dose of cattle manure biochar to be applied. The first experiment (Experiment I) was conducted according to a completely randomized design (factorial scheme 2 × 2 × 2 + 1) with six replicates: two types of biochar (cattle manure biochar and rice husk biochar), with and without acidity correction [addition of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate (PA) in a proportion of 4:1 (Ca:Mg) to raise the soil base saturation to 60%], with or without the addition of 120 mg dm-3 of phosphorus (P) as ammonium phosphate, and a control treatment (without biochar, acidity correction, and P). Based on the results of Experiment I, a second experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design, with five treatments (doses of biochar from cattle manure) and four replications. Rice husk biochar, as a conditioner of soil chemical properties, had less prominent effects than cattle manure biochar. Cattle manure biochar functioned as a corrective for soil acidity and a source of nutrients (mainly phosphorus). The dose corresponding to 5.46% of the soil volume led to the maximum grain production by common bean plants

Reação de resistência de genótipos de quiabeiro ao Meloidogyne incognita raça 1 / Reaction of resistance of okra genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita race 1

A cultura do quiabeiro se mostra sensível a doenças como oídio, podridões e tombamento de pré e pós-emergência, murchas e aos nematoides das galhas. Dentre as medidas de controle recomendadas para os nematoides das galhas, a utilização de cultivares resistentes é um dos métodos mais eficazes. Com isso, o objetivo foi avaliar a reação de resistência de genótipos de quiabeiro à Meloidogyne incognita raça 1. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos e três repetições, totalizando 24 parcelas experimentais com cinco plantas. As variáveis analisadas foram: incidência de galhas no torrão, número de galhas no sistema radicular, número de ovos e fator de reprodução. Considerando o fator de reprodução, o híbrido experimental TPX-49 apresentou reação de resistência ao Meloidogyne incognita raça 1, sendo um genótipo promissor. O genótipo TPX-59 apresentou maior fator de reprodução dentre os genótipos avaliados

Crescimento, desenvolvimento e nutrição de pinhão mansoadubado com lodo de esgoto e silicato de cálcio e magnésio

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-14T15:46:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiano_barbosa_de_souza_prates.pdf: 1209799 bytes, checksum: 47d0d94cf65fb7cc72cb0e7016502201 (MD5) Previous issue date: 29O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e a nutrição do pinhão manso em resposta à aplicação do lodo de esgoto e do silicato de cálcio e magnésio no solo. O experimento foi realizado no período de abril de 2008 a dezembro de 2009, em área experimental do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da UFMG, em Montes Claros MG, latitude 16º5138 S e longitude 44º5500 W, em Cambissolo Háplico. Os tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, distribuídos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, corresponderam a 5 doses de lodo de esgoto desidratado (0; 4,8; 9,6; 14,4 e 19,2 t ha-1) e 2 doses de silicato de cálcio e magnésio (0 e 1 t ha-1). No início da primeira floração, foram coletadas amostras de solo a 0-20 e 20-40 cm de profundidade, e da folha mais velha não senescente e da folha mais nova totalmente expandida para análise de macronutrientes e metais pesados. Foram determinados no 18º mês de plantio o diâmetro do caule (DC), da copa (DCO) e a altura da planta (ALT). A aplicação de silicato de cálcio e magnésio ao solo aumentou o pH, os teores de fósforo, cálcio e magnésio disponíveis, a disponibilidade de ferro, níquel, zinco e manganês no solo, além do aumento do teor de magnésio e redução dos teores de zinco e cobre em folhas de pinhão manso, porém não influenciou o crescimento e o desenvolvimento do pinhão manso. O lodo de esgoto, por outro lado, promoveu aumento dos teores de matéria orgânica, nitrato, fósforo, ferro e cobre e a redução do teor de chumbo no solo, na planta, houve aumento de fósforo, cálcio, nitrogênio, magnésio, zinco, ferro, manganês e cobre, o que refletiu em maior aumento do DCO, com o incremento desse resíduo, até a dose de 11 t ha-1. Não foram constatadas interações relevantes entre o lodo de esgoto e o silicato, e nem efeito desse último sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da planta, recomendando-se somente a aplicação de lodo de esgoto no cultivo do pinhão manso. Os níveis de metais pesados no solo e na planta mantiveram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA nº 375, com a aplicação de 11 t ha-1 de lodo de esgoto, recomendada como a melhor dose para a adubação do pinhão manso.The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, the development and the nutrition of physic nut in response to application of sewage sludge and calcium of silicate and magnesium in the soil. The experiment was conducted in the period from April 2008 to December 2009 in the area of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the UFMG, in Montes Claros - MG, latitude 16 ° 51'38 "S and longitude 44 ° 55'00" W in Haplic Cambisol. The treatments, in a factorial scheme 5 x 2, distributed in randomized block design with three replications, corresponded to 5 servings of dehydrated sewage sludge (0; 4.8; 9.6; 14.4 and 19.2 t ha -1) and 2 doses of silicate of calcium and magnesium (0 and 1 t ha-1). At the beginning of first flowering were collected soil samples at 0-20 and 20-40 cm deep and of the oldest leaf not senescent and of the youngest leaf fully expanded for analysis of macronutrients and heavy metals. Were determined in the 18th month of planting the stem diameter (DC), of the crown (DCO) and height of the plant (ALT). The application of silicate of calcium and magnesium in soil increased the pH, the contents of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium available, the availability of iron, nickel, zinc and manganese in the soil beyond the increase in magnesium content and reduction of contents of zinc and copper in leaves of physic nut, but did not influence the growth and development of physic nut. Sewage sludge, on the other hand, promoted increase of the contents of organic matter, nitrate, phosphorus, iron and copper and the reduction of lead content in soil, in the plant there were increasing of phosphorus, calcium, nitrogen, magnesium, zinc, iron, manganese and copper, which reflected in a greater increase in the DCO, with the increment of this residue until the dose of 11 t ha-1. There were no relevant interactions between the sewage sludge and silicate, and neither the effect of this last on growth and plant development, recommending only the application of sewage sludge in the cultivation of physic nut. The levels of heavy metals in soil and plant remained within the limits established by CONAMA Resolution No. 375, with the application of 11 t ha-1 of sewage sludge, recommended as the best dose for the fertilization of physic nut

Desempenho de cultivares de pimentão colorido sob diferentes concentrações de solução nutritiva

Knowledge on the nutritional requirement of the crop under cultivation systems adapted to local realities,in addition to the adequate availability of nutrients in nutrient solution, is of fundamental importance bothfor plant growth and for the production of quality fruits. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production performance of colored bell pepper cultivars in an open hydroponic system under different concentrations of nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at IFAL, Piranhas Campus, in a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates and in split plots, with plots containing three concentrations of nutrient solution (75%, 100% and 125%) and subplots containing three bell pepper cultivars (All Big, Sucesso and Beti-R). Concentration of nutrients at 75% of the standard nutrient solution differed from the other concentrations for plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and fresh and dry mass of the plant. The total number of fruits and number of marketable fruits were higher in the Beti-R and Sucesso hybrids when subjected to concentrations of 75% and 100%, respectively. The total yields of the Beti-R and Sucesso hybrids were higher atthe concentration of 75%, with maximum values of 24.19 t ha-1 and 17.11 t ha-1, respectively. The concentration of 100% of the standard solution promoted higher results for the All Big cultivar.O conhecimento da exigência nutricional da cultura sobre sistemas de cultivo adaptados a realidades locais, além da adequada disponibilidade de nutrientes em solução nutritiva é de fundamental importância tanto para o crescimento da planta quanto para a produção de frutos de qualidade. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de cultivares de pimentão colorido em sistema semi-hidropônico sob diferentes concentrações nutritivas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas, com tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, consistindo em três cultivares de pimentão e três concentrações de solução nutritiva, 75%, 100% e 125%, com quatro repetições, totalizando 36 unidades experimentais. A cultivar utilizada foi a All Big e os híbridos Sucesso e Beti-R. A concentração de nutrientes em 75% da solução nutritiva utilizada influenciou diretamente na produtividade total dos híbridos Beti-R e Sucesso, apresentando 24,25 t ha-1 e 17 t ha-1, respectivamente. A concentração padrão em 100% proporcionou maiores resultados para a cultivar All Big. Quantidades superiores de nutrientes afetam o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da cultura do pimentão, sendo fundamental a utilização da correta concentração de nutrientes para obter melhores e maiores resultados de acordo com cada cultivar

CRESCIMENTO DE CEDRO E DE LEGUMINOSAS ARBÓREAS EM ÁREA DEGRADADA, ADUBADO COM PÓ-DE-ROCHA

In the reclamation of a degraded area, it is important the use of nitrogen fixing legumes, associated with climax species, to make possible a faster recovery of the environment. In urban centers various wastes are produced, among them the marble rock waste, which, despite having agricultural value, ends up being thrown in the environment.. The objective of this work was to evaluate the Cedrela fissilis growth and of pioneering legume in quincunx system, in degraded area, fertilized with doses of marble rock waste. The treatments, distributed in factorial scheme 2 x 4, in the randomized block design, with three replicates, were: two species of pioneering legume (Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis in quincunx system with the Cedrela fissilis) and four doses of marble rock waste (0; 300; 600 and 900 g.cova-1). Were determined annually, along three years, the height of the plants, the stem diameter, the cup diameter and, in the end, the mortality percentage. The Acacia auriculiformis presented characteristic of better growth than the Acacia mangium and greater resistance to adverse conditions of degraded soil. There was tendency of reduction of the characteristics of growth of the Cedrela fissilis and of the Acacias with the increment of the doses of rock powder applied to the soil. The Cedrela fissilis presented, in general, larger growth, when combined with Acacia mangium than with Acacia auriculiformis, however, showed a high mortality after two years of planting

CRESCIMENTO E TEORES DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM PINHÃO MANSO ADUBADO COM LODO DE ESGOTO E SILICATO DE CÁLCIO E MAGNÉSIO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, development and macronutrients concentrations in physic nut fertilized with sewage sludge and calcium and magnesium silicate. The treatments, in a factorial scheme 5 x 2, distributed in design in randomized block with three replications, corresponded to five doses of dehydrated sewage sludge (0; 4.8; 9.6; 14.4 and 19.2 t ha-1, dry basis) and two doses of calcium and magnesium silicate (0 and 1 t ha-1). Were collected soil samples at 0-20 and 20-40 cm deep, and of the older leaf not senescent and of the youngest leaf fully expanded for analysis of macronutrients. Were determined in the 18º month of planting the stem diameter (DC), the crown diameter (DCO) and the stem height (ALT). The application of silicate of calcium and magnesium in soil increased the pH, the concentrations of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium available in the soil and magnesium concentration in the plant, however, did not influenced the growth and development of physic nut. Sewage sludge, on the other hand, promoted increased of the concentrations of organic matter and phosphorus in the soil, and of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in the plant. There were no relevant interactions between the sewage sludge and silicate, and nor the affect of this last about the growth and development of the plant, recommending only the application of sewage sludge in the cultivation of physic nut

CRESCIMENTO DO JATOBÁ E DE LEGUMINOSAS ARBÓREAS EM DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS, EM ÁREA DEGRADADA

The use of pioneer plants, mainly nitrogen-fixing leguminous trees, associated to the secondary and climax species, has been making possible good results in the land reclamation. However, it is important to establish the appropriate spacing among the form species obtaining a fast covering and protection of the soil, without there is strong competition of the plants for light, water and nutrients. So, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of the Hymenaea courbaril and leguminous trees at, in system quincux, in different spacings. The treatments, in factorial scheme 3 x 3 with three replicates, corresponded to three species of pioneer leguminous trees (Acacia mangium, Senna multijuga and Leucaena leucocephala combined with Hymenaea courbaril) and three spacings among pioneer plants (4 x 2; 4 x 3 and 4 x 4 m). After one and two years of planting determined the height, stem diameter at ground level and crown diameter of pioneer plants and Hymenaea courbaril. Acacia mangium showed growth characteristics superior to those of Senna multijuga and Leucaena leucocephala, however, no influence of spacing between species in relation to these characteristics. The growth characteristics of the Hymenaea courbaril were not influenced by pioneer species associated, however, the denser spacing between the pioneer species favored the greatest increase

Acúmulo de nutrientes e produtividade de crambe em função da fertilização com torta de mamona e serpentinito

O uso de fontes alternativas para a fertilização na agricultura vem sendo cada vez mais explorada pelo homem, devido à escassez das fontes finitas dos minerais utilizados atualmente. Produtos como a torta de mamona e silicatos de serpentinito podem ser fontes viáveis para o uso na agricultura. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores e conteúdos de N, P, K, Ca e Mg na cultura do crambe, assim como a sua produção em função da adubação com torta de mamona PDS e silicato de serpentinito. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete doses de torta de mamona PDS e duas doses de silicato de serpentinito (com e sem enxofre elementar), totalizando 21 tratamentos. Utilizaram-se as doses de 0,0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 6 e 8t ha-1 de torta de mamona PDS (equivalente à aplicação de 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 240kg ha-1 de N) e as doses de silicato de serpentinito em 0 e 1t ha-1, com e sem enxofre. A aplicação de silicato de serpentinito sem enxofre aumentou os teores e conteúdos de nutrientes de N, P, K, Ca e Mg do crambe e a produção de sementes. O uso de torta de mamona PDS como fertilizante orgânico favoreceu o crescimento e desenvolvimento do crambe. A dose de 8t ha-1 de torta de mamona PDS foi a mais indicada para a fertilização da cultura do crambe

Heavy metals in the soil and castor bean plants fertilized with sewage sludge stabilized by different processes

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the levels of heavy metals in the soil and castor bean plant after fertilization with sewage sludge (SS) subjected to different stabilization processes. The study was conducted in a Haplic Cambisol with the following treatments: control (CO), fertilization with solarized sewage sludge (SSS), composted sewage sludge (CSS), vermi composted sewage sludge (VSS), limed sewage sludge (LSS), and mineral fertilizer (MF). The experimental design included a subdivided plot scheme with fertilization being the primary factor and soil layers or leaf parts being the secondary factor. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Scott-Knott test with 5% significance. Fertilization with SSS, CSS, and LSS led to the highest increase in Zn in the soil, mainly in the surface layer. In the leaf tissues, Zn and Cu levels were higher with the CO and SSS treatments, whereas the Ni level was higher with SSS, CSS, VSS, and MF treatments. In general, Zn and Cu levels were higher in the leaf limb than in the petiole, whereas Ni, Pb, and Cr levels were higher in the petiole than in the leaf limb. In any case, no symptoms of toxicity in the plants and no risk of soil contamination were observed with any of the fertilization treatments