Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression is common in serrated and non-serrated colorectal adenoma, but uncommon in hyperplastic polyp and sessile serrated polyp/adenoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, <it>PTGS2</it>) plays an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. COX-2 overexpression in colorectal cancer is inversely associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Evidence suggests that MSI/CIMP+ colorectal cancer may arise through the serrated tumorigenic pathway through various forms of serrated neoplasias. Therefore, we hypothesized that COX-2 may play a less important role in the serrated pathway.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>By immunohistochemistry, we assessed COX-2 expression in 24 hyperplastic polyps, 7 sessile serrated polyp/adenomas (SSA), 5 mixed polyps with SSA and adenoma, 27 traditional serrated adenomas, 515 non-serrated adenomas (tubular adenoma, tubulovillous adenoma and villous adenoma), 33 adenomas with intramucosal carcinomas, 96 adenocarcinomas with serration (corkscrew gland) and 111 adenocarcinomas without serration.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Strong (2+) COX-2 overexpression was more common in non-serrated adenomas (28% = 143/515) than in hyperplastic polyps (4.2% = 1/24, p = 0.008) and serrated polyps (7 SSAs and 5 mixed polyps) (0% = 0/12, p = 0.04). Furthermore, any (1+/2+) COX-2 overexpression was more frequent in non-serrated adenomas (60% = 307/515) than in hyperplastic polyps (13% = 3/24, p < 0.0001) and serrated polyps (SSAs and mixed polyps) (25% = 3/12, p = 0.03). Traditional serrated adenomas and non-serrated adenomas showed similar frequencies of COX-2 overexpression. Regardless of serration, COX-2 overexpression was frequent (~85%) in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Tumor location was not significantly correlated with COX-2 overexpression, although there was a trend towards higher frequencies of COX-2 overexpression in distal tumors (than proximal tumors) among hyperplastic polyps, SSAs, mixed polyps, traditional serrated adenomas and adenocarcinomas.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>COX-2 overexpression is infrequent in hyperplastic polyp, SSA and mixed polyp with SSA and adenoma, compared to non-serrated and serrated adenoma. COX-2 overexpression becomes more frequent as tumors progress to higher grade neoplasias. Our observations suggest that COX-2 may play a less significant role in the serrated pathway of tumorigenesis; however, COX-2 may still play a role in later stage of the serrated pathway.</p

Avaliação imunoistoquímica da proteína ciclooxigenase-2 nas neoplasias colorretais e sua relação com fatores patológicos prognósticos Immunohistochemical evaluation of cyclooxygenase-2 in colorectal neoplasias and relationship with pathological factors in prognosis

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência da proteína ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) nas neoplasias colorretais e sua relação com os parâmetros patológicos prognósticos para o câncer colorretal. MÉTODO: 65 lesões neoplásicas colorretais foram avaliadas através de imunoistoquímica para a presença de COX-2, também foram analisados fatores patológicos prognósticos e estadiamento das lesões. RESULTADOS: A COX-2 expressou-se positivamente em 27% dos adenomas tubulares, 40% dos adenomas vilosos e 70% nos carcinomas. Diferença estatisticamente significante foi obtida na expressão da COX-2 entre adenomas e carcinomas, porém não houve significância nas demais variáveis estudadas. CONCLUSÃO: A expressão da COX-2 parece variar progressivamente com a progressão da lesão neoplásica, mas não influencia os parâmetros patológicos de mau prognóstico.<br>OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in colorectal neoplasia and to establish the relationship with pathological factors in the prognosis of colorectal cancer. METHODS: 65 colorectal neoplastic lesions were investigated by immunohistochemistry for the expression of COX-2, along with the pathological factors in prognosis and staging of lesions. RESULTS: COX-2 was positively expressed in 27% of tubular adenomas, 40% of villous adenomas, and 70% of carcinomas. A statistically significant difference was observed among COX-2 expression in adenomas and carcinomas, but such significance was not seen among the other variables studied. CONCLUSION: COX-2 expression seems to correlate positively with the progression of neoplasias, yet with no influence on the pathological patterns of poor prognosis