The Japanese model in retrospective : industrial strategies, corporate Japan and the 'hollowing out' of Japanese industry

This article provides a retrospective look at the Japanese model of industrial development. This model combined an institutional approach to production based around the Japanese Firm (Aoki's, J-mode) and strategic state intervention in industry by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). For a long period, the alignment of state and corporate interests appeared to match the wider public interest as the Japanese economy prospered. However, since the early 1990s, the global ambitions of the corporate sector have contributed to a significant 'hollowing out' of Japan's industrial base. As the world today looks for a new direction in economic management, we suggest the Japanese model provides policy-makers with a salutary lesson in tying the wider public interest with those of the corporate sector

Efeito do intervalo das duas últimas inseminações sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen fresco diluído Effect of interval between the two last artificial inseminations on mares fertility inseminated with diluted fresh semen

Sessenta e duas fêmeas eqüinas foram distribuídas ao acaso em dois grupos experimentais de acordo com o intervalo da penúltima à última inseminação artificial de cada ciclo (48h ou 72h). As éguas foram rufiadas e inseminadas às segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras, a partir do momento em que apresentavam um folículo de 3,0 a 3,5 cm de diâmetro, com sêmen de apenas um garanhão de fertilidade comprovada, diluído para um volume inseminante de 10 mL com diluidor de mínima contaminação. As taxas de concepção referentes ao primeiro ciclo, para os intervalos de 48h e 72h foram de 66,67% (24/36) e 65,22% (15/23), respectivamente, sendo as taxas de concepção/ciclo de 53,45% (31/58) e 56,76% (21/37), na mesma ordem anterior. Com base nos resultados obtidos, recomendam-se inseminações às segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras, sem perda da fertilidade.<br>Sixty two mares were randomly assigned to two experimental group, according to two intervals between the penultimate and the ultimate artificial insemination (48 or 72h). The mares were teased and inseminated on monday, wednesday and friday, when a follicle size was equal or greater than 3.0 cm in diameter, with semen from a stallion of proven fertility diluted with minimum contamination extender. The conception rates for the first cycle for the 48h and 72h intervals were 66.67% (24/36) and 65.22% (15/23) respectively, and the conception/cicle were 53.45% (31/58) and 56.76% (21/37), in the same order. Based on these results, one should consider recommending inseminations on monday, wednesday and friday, without fertility loss