Peppers of the genus Capiscum cultivated in Roraima, Brazilian Amazonia: Habits and forms of use

The objective of this study was relate and discuss both the habit and the most common forms of using Capsicum peppers cultivated in the state of Roraima and utilized by indigenous people and colonist communities from the other regions of the country.O objetivo do trabalho foi o de relacionar e discutir os hábitos e as formas de uso mais comuns das pimentas do gênero Capsicum cultivadas em Roraima, e utilizadas pelos povos indígenas e comunidades migrantes de outras regiões do país

Os 22 anos da Horticultura Brasileira: a revista chega a maioridade Twenty-two years: Horticultura Brasileira reaches the adult age

A gênese e o crescimento de uma revista científica são eventos interessantes para serem observados e estudados. A revista Horticultura Brasileira, veículo de divulgação científica da Sociedade de Olericultura do Brasil (SOB), publicou seu primeiro fascículo em 1983 e, em 2004, completa 22 anos de publicação ininterrupta. A revista sucedeu uma publicação anterior da SOB, a 'Olericultura' (posteriormente renomeada 'Revista de Olericultura'), publicada entre 1961 e 1980, que era anual e continha artigos completos e resumos de trabalhos apresentados nas reuniões anuais e congressos da SOB. A Horticultura Brasileira (HB) foi criada para publicar artigos de pesquisa originais na área de horticultura por meio do sistema de avaliação de manuscritos por uma comissão editorial e revisores ad hoc (peer review). À época de sua criação, a revista era semestral, com um novo formato (28 x 20,5 cm) e com capa colorida diferente para cada fascículo e uma diagramação gráfica moderna. A revista é dividida em seções de modo a abranger todos os segmentos representados pela Sociedade, como produtores, extensionistas, pesquisadores, professores e estudantes. Em seus 22 anos, a revista atingiu um total de 1.083 artigos em 5.207 páginas, sendo 24 cartas ao editor, 37 artigos convidados, 561 artigos na seção 'Pesquisa', 133 na 'Página do Horticultor', 101 em 'Insumos e Cultivares em Teste', 31 em 'Economia e Extensão Rural', 43 em 'Nova Cultivar' e 153 na seção 'Nota', extinta em 1996. O número médio de artigos passou a ser de 34,6 artigos/ano no período 1983-95, aumentou para 47,3 artigos/ano no período 1996-2001 e de 116,3 artigos/ano de 2002-2004. Atualmente, a HB é publicada trimestralmente e conta com 30 editores de diferentes áreas e instituições e se consolidou como o principal periódico em hortaliças no Brasil. Seus desafios atuais são o aumento dos custos de publicação e o aprimoramento constante dos processos.<br>The genesis and growth of a scientific journal are unique events to be observed and studied. Horticultura Brasileira (HB) is the official journal of the Brazilian Society for Vegetable Science, and in 2004 the journal accomplishes 22 years of uninterrupted publishing since the release of its first issue in 1983. The journal succeeded 'Olericultura' (later 'Revista de Olericultura'), the previous annual journal of the Brazilian Society for Vegetable Science, published between 1961 and 1980, which presented abstracts and full papers of the annual meetings. Back to 1983, HB was a semestrally journal, created to publish original research papers of horticultural sciences, with an editorial board of four members and the peer review system, all new for the Society members. HB differed from the previous journal by its new format (28 cm x 20.5 cm), the colorful cover changed at each issue and the modern graphic design. HB was divided in distinct sections to include all segments of the Society, such as vegetable growers, rural extensionists, researchers, professors and students. During the last 22 years, HB published a total of 1,083 papers in 5,207 pages, divided in different sections: 'Letters to the Editor', 24 articles; 'Invited Articles', 37; 'Research', 561; 'Grower's Page', 133; 'Pesticides and Fertilizers in Test', 131; 'Economy and Rural Extension', 31; 'New Cultivar', 43; 'Note', 153 (this last section was abolished in 1996). During the 1983-1995 period, the journal published 34.6 articles/year, 47.3 articles/year during 1996-2001 and 116.3 articles/year from 2002 to 2004. Presently, HB is quarterly issued and has an editorial board of 30 editors of different research areas and institutions. The challenges faced by HB today are the raise of publication costs and the constant improvement of the publishing processes

Sildenafil decreases rat tracheal hyperresponsiveness to carbachol and changes canonical transient receptor potential gene expression after antigen challenge

Inhibition of type-5 phosphodiesterase by sildenafil decreases capacitative Ca2+ entry mediated by transient receptor potential proteins (TRPs) in the pulmonary artery. These families of channels, especially the canonical TRP (TRPC) subfamily, may be involved in the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a hallmark of asthma. In the present study, we evaluated i) the effects of sildenafil on tracheal rings of rats subjected to antigen challenge, ii) whether the extent of TRPC gene expression may be modified by antigen challenge, and iii) whether inhibition of type-5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) may alter TRPC gene expression after antigen challenge. Sildenafil (0.1 µM to 0.6 mM) fully relaxed carbachol-induced contractions in isolated tracheal rings prepared from naive male Wistar rats (250-300 g) by activating the NO-cGMP-K+ channel pathway. Rats sensitized to antigen by intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin were subjected to antigen challenge by ovalbumin inhalation, and their tracheal rings were used to study the effects of sildenafil, which more effectively inhibited contractions induced by either carbachol (10 µM) or extracellular Ca2+ restoration after thapsigargin (1 µM) treatment. Antigen challenge increased the expression of the TRPC1 and TRPC4 genes but not the expression of the TRPC5 and TRPC6 genes. Applied before the antigen challenge, sildenafil increased the gene expression, which was evaluated by RT-PCR, of TRPC1 and TRPC6, decreased TRPC5 expression, and was inert against TRPC4. Thus, we conclude that PDE5 inhibition is involved in the development of an airway hyperresponsive phenotype in rats after antigen challenge by altering TRPC gene expression

Sildenafil decreases rat tracheal hyperresponsiveness to carbachol and changes canonical transient receptor potential gene expression after antigen challenge

Inhibition of type-5 phosphodiesterase by sildenafil decreases capacitative Ca2+ entry mediated by transient receptor potential proteins (TRPs) in the pulmonary artery. These families of channels, especially the canonical TRP (TRPC) subfamily, may be involved in the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a hallmark of asthma. In the present study, we evaluated i) the effects of sildenafil on tracheal rings of rats subjected to antigen challenge, ii) whether the extent of TRPC gene expression may be modified by antigen challenge, and iii) whether inhibition of type-5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) may alter TRPC gene expression after antigen challenge. Sildenafil (0.1 µM to 0.6 mM) fully relaxed carbachol-induced contractions in isolated tracheal rings prepared from naive male Wistar rats (250-300 g) by activating the NO-cGMP-K+ channel pathway. Rats sensitized to antigen by intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin were subjected to antigen challenge by ovalbumin inhalation, and their tracheal rings were used to study the effects of sildenafil, which more effectively inhibited contractions induced by either carbachol (10 µM) or extracellular Ca2+ restoration after thapsigargin (1 µM) treatment. Antigen challenge increased the expression of the TRPC1 and TRPC4 genes but not the expression of the TRPC5 and TRPC6 genes. Applied before the antigen challenge, sildenafil increased the gene expression, which was evaluated by RT-PCR, of TRPC1 and TRPC6, decreased TRPC5 expression, and was inert against TRPC4. Thus, we conclude that PDE5 inhibition is involved in the development of an airway hyperresponsive phenotype in rats after antigen challenge by altering TRPC gene expression

Composition And Biological Activity Of Essential Oils From Lippia Origanoides H.b.k.

Analyses of the leaf oils from three colletions of Lippia origanoides H.B.K. by GC/MS and 1H- and 13C-NMR showed a similar chemical composition. Carvacrol (33.5-42.9%) was identified as the major component together with γ-terpinene (8.0-10.5%), thymol (5.1-8.4%), methyl thymol (6.1-8.7%) and p-cymene (11.9-15.8%). In vitro evaluation of the oils showed significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus, Staphylococus aureus MRSA, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis.165504506Gentry, A.M., Tropical forest biodiversity and the potential for new medicinal plants (1993) ACS Symposium Series, 534, pp. 13-24. , Human Medicinal Agents from Plants. American Chemical Society, Washington, DCClark, A.M., Hufford, C.D., Disco and development of novel prototype antibiotics for opportunistic infections related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1993) Human Medical Agents from Plants, pp. 228-241. , Edits., American Chemical Society (ACS Symposium series 534), Washington DCBauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C., Turk, M., Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standard single disc method (1966) Amer. J. Clin. Path., 36, pp. 493-496Formácek, V., Kubeczka, K.H., (1982) Essential Oils Analysis by Capillary Gas Chromatography and Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy, , John Wiley and Sons, ChichesterSalgueiro, L., Vila, R., Tomas, X., Tomi, F., Cañigueiral, S., Casanova, J., Da Cunha, A.P., Adzet, T., Chemical polymorphism of essential oil of Thymus carnosus from Portugal (1995) Phytochemistry, 38, pp. 391-396De Morals, A.A., Mourão, J.C., Gottlieb, O.R., Da Silva, M.L., Marx, M.C., Maia, J.G.S., Magalhães, E.M.T., Óleos essenciais da Amazônia contendo timol (1972) Acta Amazônica, 2, pp. 45-46Velasco-Negueruela, A., Perez-Alonso, M.J., Volatile constituents of four Lippia species from Córdoba (1993) J. Essent. Oil Res., 5, pp. 513-524Terblanché, F.C., Kornelius, G., Essential oil constituents of the Genus Lippia (Verbenaceae) - A literature review (1996) J. Essent. Oil Res., 8, pp. 471-485Gallino, M., Una verbenacea essenziera ricca in timolo: Lippia origanoides H.B.K. (1987) Essenze Deriv. Agrum., 57, pp. 628-62