Evaluation Of Biochemical And Serological Methods To Identify And Clustering Yeast Cells Of Oral Candida Species By Chromagar Test, Sds-page And Elisa.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate biochemical and serological methods to characterize and identify Candida species from the oral cavity. The strains used were five Candida species previously identified: C. albicans, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and Kluyveromyces marxianus, as a negative control. The analyses were conducted through the SDS-PAGE associated with statistical analysis using software, chromogenic medium, and CHROMagar Candida (CA), as a differential medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of clinically important yeasts and an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), using antisera produced against antigens from two C. albicans strains. This method enabled the screening of the three Candida species: C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei, with 100% of specificity. The ELISA using purified immunoglobulin G showed a high level of cross-reaction against protein extracts of Candida species. The SDS-PAGE method allowed the clustering of species-specific isolates using the Simple Matching coefficient, S(SM) = 1.0. The protein profile analysis by SDS-PAGE increases what is known about the taxonomic relationships among oral yeasts. This methodology showed good reproducibility and allows collection of useful information for numerical analysis on information relevant to clinical application, and epidemiological and systematical studies.64231732

Using The Nintendo ® Wii For Rehabilitation Of Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study [uso Do Nintendo® Wii Para Reabilitação De Crianças Com Paralisia Cerebral: Estudo De Caso]

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of intervention with the Nintendo ® Wii (NW) as a complementary therapy for rehabilitation of gross motor function and balance in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Method. Case study with 2 patients with clinical diagnosis of spastic diparetic CP, classified by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and evaluated through the scales Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88). They undergone into a standardized intervention with NW twice a week for 20 sessions, after physical therapy. Results. Both the subjects 1 and 2 showed an increase in the score of the scales PBS and GMFM-88. Conclusions. The results suggest that the intervention with the NW is effective to increase the gross motor function in children with moderate performance and balance in patients with mild impairment; however, it requires a study with a larger population to characterize the NW as a complementary tool of rehabilitation.212286293Vilibor, R., Vaz, R.H., Correlação entre a função motora e cognitiva de pacientes com Paralisia Cerebral (2010) Rev Neurocienc, 18, pp. 380-385Amaral, P., Mazzitelli, C., Alterações Ortopédicas em Crianças com Paralisia Cerebral da Clínica-Escola de Fisioterapia da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (Umesp) (2003) Rev Neurocienc, 11, pp. 29-33Marinho, R., Cardoso, L., Idalgo, G., Jucá, S., Hemorragia periventricular, intraventricular e mecanismos associados à lesão em recém-nascidos pré-termos (2007) Acta Fisiatr, 14, pp. 154-158Rotta, N.T., Paralisia cerebral, novas perspectivas terapêuticas (2002) J Pediatr (Rio J), 78, pp. 48-54. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0021-75572002000700008Mota, A.P., Pereira, J.S., Influência da fisioterapia nas alterações motoras em crianças com paralisia cerebral (2006) Fisioter Bras, 7, pp. 209-212Clark, R., Bryant, A., Pua, Y., McCrory, P., Bennell, K., Hunt, M., Validity and reliability of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board for assessment of standing balance (2010) Gait Posture, 31, pp. 307-310. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.11.012Keshner, E.A., Kenyon, R.V., Postural and Spatial Orientation Driven by Virtual Reality (2009) Stud Health Technol Inform, 145, pp. 209-228Fritz-Walter, Z., Jones, S., Tjondronegoro, D., (2008) Detecting gesture force peaks for intuitive interaction, pp. 475-483. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1514402.1514404, Proceedings of the 5th Australasian Conference on Interactive EntertainmentMuller, F.F., Gibbs, M.R., Vetere, F., (2008) Taxonomy of Exertion Games, pp. 263-266. , Proceedings of OZCHI, Australasian Computer Human Interaction ConferenceBarcala, L., Colella, F., Araujo, M.C., Salgado, A., Oliveira, C., Análise do equilíbrio em pacientes hemiparéticos após o treino com o programa Wii Fit (2011) Fisioter Mov, 24, pp. 337-343. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-51502011000200015Deutsch, J.E., Borbely, M., Filler, J., Huhn, K., Guarrera-Bowlby, P., Use of a Low-Cost, Commercially Available Gaming Console (Wii) for Rehabilitation of an Adolescent with Cerebral Palsy (2008) Phys Ther, 88, pp. 1196-1207. , http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080062Cameirão, M.S., Bermúdez, B., Oller, E.D., Verschure, P., Neurorehabilitation using the virtual reality based Rehabilitation Gaming System: Methodology, design, psychometrics, usability and validation (2010) J Neuroeng Rehabil, 7, p. 48. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-7-48Jack, D., Boian, R., Merians, A.S., Tremaine, M., Burdea, G.C., Adamovich, S.V., Virtual Reality-Enhanced Stroke Rehabilitation (2001) IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 9, pp. 308-318. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7333.948460Sveistrup, H., Motor rehabilitation using virtual reality (2004) J Neuroeng Rehabil, 1, p. 10. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-1-10Palisano, R., Rosenbaum, P., Walter, S., Russell, D., Wood, E., Galuppi, B., Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) (1997) Dev Med Child Neurol, 39, pp. 214-223. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.xSilva, D.B.R., Pfeifer, L.I., Funayama, C.A.R., GMFCS-E & R © Versão Brasileira, , http://motorgrowth.canchild.ca/en/GMFCS/resources/PORTUGUESE_corrigido-FINALMay12.pdf, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento-Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Disponível emLane, M., (2000) Apostila do curso de Medição da Função Motora Grossa-GMFM, , Reabilitação Especializada. São Paulo: GMFMFranjoine, M.R., Gunther, J.S., Taylor, M.J., Pediatric Balance Scale: A Modified Version of the Berg Balance Scale for the School-Age Child with Mild to Moderate Motor Impairment (2003) Pediatr Phys Ther, 15, pp. 114-128. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.PEP.0000068117.48023.18Vasconcelos, R.L.M., Moura, T.L., Campos, T.F., Lindquist, A.R.R., Guerra, R.O., Avaliação do desempenho funcional de crianças com paralisia cerebral de acordo com níveis de comprometimento motor (2009) Rev Bras Fisioter, 13, pp. 390-397. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552009005000051You, S.H., Jang, S.H., Kim, Y.H., Hallett, M., Ahn, S.H., Kwon, Y.H., Virtual realityinduced cortical reorganizatiion and associated locomotor recovery in chronic stroke. An experimenter-blind randomized study (2005) Stroke, 36, pp. 1166-1171. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000162715.43417.91Allegretti, A.L.C., Mancini, M.C., Schwartzman, J.S., Estudo do desempenho funcional de crianças com paralisia cerebral diparética espástica utilizando o pediatric evaluation of disability inventory (PEDI) (2004) Arq Bras Paral Cerebral, 1, pp. 35-40Allegreti, K.M.G., Kanashiro, M.S., Monteiro, V.C., Borges, H.C., Fontes, S.V., Os efeitos do treino de equilíbrio em crianças com paralisia cerebral diparética espástica (2007) Rev Neurocienc, 15, pp. 108-113Classen, A.A.O.M., Gorter, J.W., Stewart, D., Verschuren, C., Galuppi, B.E., Shimmell, L.J., Becoming and staying physically active in adolecentes with cerebral palsy: Protocol of a qualitative stundy of facilitators and barriers to physical activity (2011) BMC Pediatrics, 11, pp. 1471-2431. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-11-1, Claassen et a

Antiretroviral therapy initiation alters the redox system of asymptomatic HIV-Infected individuals

Background. The combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) increases the oxidative stress in HIV-infected people, which in turn favors the onset and aggravation of non-AIDS comorbidities, a common situation affecting these individuals. We aimed to evaluate the influence of cART initiation on oxidative stress parameters. This is a longitudinal study including 30 asymptomatic patients divided according to their CD4+ T cell count (G1: 500 cell/mL) before (M0) and after (M1) cART initiation. We analyzed total antioxidant capacity (TAC), fat-soluble vitamins, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostane, and DNA damage. Results. Results showed a decrease in TAC, retinol, \u3b1-tocopherol, and some carotenoids, in addition to a significant increase in DNA damage at M1. These changes were more evident in G2 subjects. Moreover, there was a significant 8-isoprostane increase at M1 in individuals belonging to G1. Conclusion. The results indicate that cART interfered in the redox system, mainly by reducing the antioxidant defenses. In addition, patients who had CD4+ T counts higher than 500 cells/mm3 showed more susceptibility to genotoxicity, while patients with less CD4+ T counts displayed more damage triggered by lipoperoxidation. Considering the early beginning of cART, its chronic use, and its capacity to alter the redox status, further long-term studies on larger cohorts are needed to define the best time to initiate therapy and to investigate new strategies to delay the development of non-AIDS diseases

Properties and DEFC tests of Nafion Functionalized titanate nanotubes composite membranes prepared by melt extrusion

Nafion based composites are promising materials to improve the performance of direct ethanol fuel cells. In this work, composite membranes of Nafion and titanate nanotubes functionalized with sulfonic acid groups were prepared by melt extrusion and tested in a direct ethanol fuel cell. Far and mid infrared spectroscopies evidenced the formation of ionic bridges between the sulfonic acid groups of both functionalized nanoparticles and the ionomer. Small angle X ray scattering measurements revealed that the melt extrusion method leads to an uniform distribution of the inorganic phase in the ionomer matrix. Such structural analysis indicated that the improved the proton conduction properties of the composites, even with the addition of a high concentration of functionalized nanoparticles, are an outcome of the synergistic ionic network due to the hydrid organic inorganic proton conducting phases. However, an improvement of the fuel cell performance is observed for 2.5 wt of functionalized titanate nanotubes, which is a result of the lower ethanol crossover and the plasticizing effect of the aliphatic segments of the organic moieties grafted at the surface of the titanate nanoparticle