Locked nailing for the treatment of displaced articular fractures of the calcaneus: description of a new procedure with calcanail®

Although open reduction and internal fixation is considered the best method for treating displaced articular fractures of the calcaneus, lateral approach is at high risk for wound healing complications. For this reason, the authors developed a posterior approach and a new implant to perform both intrafocal reduction and internal fixation. The aim of this technical note is to describe this method of treatment for displaced articular fractures of the calcaneus, which offered the following advantages: (a) the creation of a working channel that provides also a significant bone autograft, (b) the intrafocal reduction of the displaced articular surface, (c) the insertion of a locking nail that maintains the reduced articular surface at the right height, (d) the possibility to switch from an ORIF to a reconstruction arthrodesis with the same approach and instrumentation in case of severely damaged posterior facet

Numerical study of the droplet behavior in a thermal diffusion cloud chamber operating with saline water

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Buoyancy-driven convective motion in a thermal diffusion cloud chamber using a water/helium mixture

International audienceThis work is focused on a 2D numerical simulation of a thermal diffusion cloud chamber (TDCC) operating with water-helium mixture. We particularly address the impact of the stability of the vapor-gas mixture with respect to buoyancy-driven convective motion on homogeneous water nucleation rates. A comparison of our model results with Heist and Reiss results of nucleation of water in helium is first proposed. So, no convective fluxes are assumed within the TDCC and the critical supersaturation of water vapor is in agreement as obtained from numerical predictions. However, the influence of wall heating on the critical supersaturation results is found to be significant as obtained when convective transfers is accounted for within the TDCC and the results deviate significantly from those provided by Heist and Reiss. Their approach may lead large differences in terms of temperature, saturation ratio and nucleation profiles as it oversimplifies heat and mass transfer in TDCC compared to a 2D mass heat and momentum, model. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS

Numerical investigation of the motion of a growing droplet in a thermal diffusion cloud chamber

International audienceThe evolution of spherical droplets resulting from the homogeneous condensation of vapor phase diluted in a background gas has been studied numerically. The model was compared with experimental data of dioctylphthalate (DOP) droplets in binary gaseous mixture of DOP-helium and of DOP-hydrogen in a thermal diffusion cloud chamber (TDCC). The motion of droplets due to thermodiffusiophoresis as obtained from numerical predictions is in agreement with the experimental results. Two-dimensional droplet dynamics involving the effect of convection, thermodiffusiophoresis, gravity and condensation has been examined in details for two flow configurations depending on the cloud chamber geometry. When the height of the TDCC is increased, the isothermal patterns and streamlines are similar to those obtained in the case of Rayleigh-Benard instabilities, leading a notable alteration of the droplet behavior. While the thermodiffusiophoresis forces govern the drop motion at low thermal Rayleigh numbers (in conductive regime), the behavior of the droplet is mainly driven by the drag force when the TDCC operates in convective regime (at high Rayleigh numbers). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Stable stratification alteration in a thermal diffusion cloud chamber

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Direct testing of subgrid scale models in large-eddy simulation of a non-isothermal turbulent jet

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EFFECTS OF THE INJECTION OF DROPLETS ON A STATIONARY SHOCK-WAVE IN A NOZZLE

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