Effects of Urbanization and the Sustainability of Marine Artisanal Fishing: A Study on Tropical Fishing Communities in Brazil

Marine fishing occurs along the coast and oceanic islands within the Exclusive Economic Zone of Brazil and is practiced mainly in an industrial fashion in the southern and southeastern regions of the country as well as in an artisanal fashion in the northern and northeastern regions. Artisanal marine fishing is practiced by fishermen who use sailing rafts or mid-size motorboats in daily fishing activities or activities that surpass 20 days at sea. To face the ocean and extract sustenance and income, the majority of artisanal fishermen do not have advanced fishing technologies, but rather empirical knowledge passed from one generation to another, which has allowed fishermen to maintain their activities for hundreds of years. The shared knowledge with regard to fishing and gear as well as fishing territories and the discovery of new territories allows artisanal fishermen to maintain catches while resources have become scarce. However, different factors in urban areas have been contributing to changes in artisanal marine fishing, such as the facility to education and jobs in other sectors of the economy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the experiences of artisanal fishermen in traditional communities of northeastern Brazil in the occurrence of urbanization. Traditionally in artisanal fishing, the transmission of knowledge occurs in the family, generally from father to son. However, this traditional transmission of knowledge is being lost in urban fishing communities. The urban environment facilitates access to formal education and provides opportunities for both formal and informal jobs, leading to income in more attractive sectors to the sons of fishermen than the activity of fishing. This is caused by changes in schooling and has triggered the avoidance of youths with regard to fishing activities. Moreover, urban pressures, such as the loss of areas of embarkation and landing, further hinder the maintenance of fishing in such areas. Thus, issues related to urbanization have been changing the structure of fishing communities and compromising the maintenance and sustainability of marine artisanal fishing activities in urban areas

Proposal and validation of a questionnaire to investigate risk behavior of drivers from Brazil and Portugal

Traffic accidents are among the leading causes of death around the world. The causes of its occurrence largely correspond to the human factor. With this, many studies are carried out to examine the main determinants underlying human behavior in traffic and more specifically, risk behaviors. The use of questionnaires to relate personality traits and other characteristics are widely used to investigate this type of behavior. This paper aims to present the steps performed during the development of a questionnaire to investigate risk behaviors, including qualitative and quantitative analyzes. Through pilot tests, it was possible to evaluate the comprehension of the questions as well as the reliability of the scale with the Cronbach's alpha test. At the end of all steps, the questionnaire reached satisfactory results that made it suitable for application to the final sample.Os acidentes de trânsito estão entre as principais causas de morte em todo o mundo. As causas de sua ocorrência correspondem na sua maior parte ao fator humano. Com isso, muitos estudos são realizados a título de compreender o comportamento humano no trânsito e mais especificamente, comportamentos de risco. Questionários relacionando traços de personalidade e outras características são amplamente utilizados a fim de investigar esse tipo de comportamento. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as etapas realizadas durante o desenvolvimento de um questionário para investigação de comportamentos de risco, contemplando análises qualitativas e quantitativas. Através de testes pilotos, foi possível avaliar a compreensão das perguntas, bem como a confiabilidade da escala com o teste do alfa de Cronbach. Ao final de todas as etapas, o questionário atingiu resultados satisfatórios indicando que está adequado para aplicação à amostra final.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Caracterização fisico-química do leite cabras f1 (Saanen x Boer) durante a lactação

O valor nutritivo do leite, qualquer que seja a espécie que o produza é amplamente conhecido e a sua importância como alimento é maior em países subdesenvolvidos, em que as deficiências nutricionais são mais graves (DEVENDRA, 1990). Entretanto, a crescente elevação da produção leiteira tem acarretado o aumento na prevalência e na severidade das mastites e de outras doenças do úbere que ocasionam prejuízos ao criador e riscos para a saúde pública (PESSÔA, et al., 1999). São diversos os fatores que determinam a composição do leite, tais com: espécie que o produz, raça, alimentação, período de lactação, idade do animal, época do ano e a quantidade de leite produzido (FURTADO & WOLFSCHOON ? POMBO, 1978). O leite de cabra possui propriedades físicas, químicas e nutricionais particulares, e diversos autores relatam variações na sua composição físico-química (FURTADO & WOLFSCHOON ? POMBO, 1978; PRATA et al.,1998; CASTRO et al.,2002). Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar as características físico-químicas do leite de cabras F1 (Saanen x Boer) durante o período de lactação e determinar os valores de acidez titulável, densidade, crioscopia, teor de gordura e extrato seco total (EST) e desengordurado (ESD)

Avaliação da qualidade dos produtos, infraestrutura e serviços em feiras e mercados orgânicos localizados em Brasília ? DF.

É notório que o interesse em formas de produção consideradas alternativas se intensificou, visando atender à crescente demanda pelos produtos saudáveis e sustentáveis. O presente estudo tem como eixo principal as feiras locais e um mercado de produtos orgânicos. O objetivo foi avaliar a percepção dos feirantes e produtores sobre a qualidade dos produtos, a infraestrutura e os serviços prestados por estes estabelecimentos em Brasília-DF. Para obtenção dos dados foram realizadas entrevistas com feirantes guiadas pelo uso de questionário. Verificou-se que a maioria dos feirantes tem renda exclusivamente da venda da produção orgânica. Quanto à qualidade do produto, esses profissionais julgam importante a higienização e cuidados para manter a boa aparência do alimento. Atenção e cordialidade foram consideradas atributos muito importantes, na percepção dos feirantes, na relação dos mesmos com a clientela para manter a fidelidade. Abstract: It?s well known that the interest in alternative forms of production have intensified, in order to attend the growing market demand for healthier and sustainable products. As the main axis of this study, local fairs and organic market were considered. The objective was to evaluate those fair workers and producer?s perception towards the product?s quality, the local infrastructure and the establishment?s services. Data collection was performed by interviews guided by a questionnaire application. The results show that the majority of workers have incomes exclusively from the sale of organic production. Regarding product?s quality, these professionals consider as important the product?s sanitization and the care to maintain the product?s good appearance. Attention and cordiality were considered very important for fair workers in their relationship with consumers to maintain fidelity

Tolerância à deficiência hídrica em feijoeiro: divergência fenotípica na condutância estomática, transpiração e fotossíntese.

O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a variabilidade fisiológica da tolerância à deficiência hídrica de genótipos de feijoeiro com divergência fenotípica para tolerância à deficiência hídrica.CONAF

Production and characterization of new fibrinolytic protease from Mucor subtillissimus UCP 1262 in solid-state fermentation

Fibrinolytic enzymes have received attention regarding their medicinal potential for thrombolytic diseases, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Various natural enzymes purified from animal, plant and microbial sources have been extensively studied. The aim of this work was to produce fibrinolytic protease by solid state fermentation using agro industrial substrates. Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus UCP 1295 and Mucor subtillissimus UCP 1262 filamentous fungi species isolated from soil of Caatinga-PE, Brasil, were used as producer microorganisms. Wheat bran was shown to be the best substrate for the production of the enzyme and by using a 23 full factorial design the main effects and interactions of the quantity of the substrate wheat bran, moisture and temperature on the fibrinolytic enzyme production and protease were evaluated. The best results for fibrinolytic and protease activities, 144.58 U/mL and 48.33 U/mL, respectively, were obtained with Mucor subtillissimus UCP 1262 using as culture medium 3 g wheat bran, 50% moisture at a temperature of 25˚C for 72 hours. The optimum temperature for the produced enzyme was 45˚C and most of its original activity was retained after being subjected to 80˚C for 120 min. The protease activity was enhanced by K+, Ca+ and Mn+; but with Cu+ there was an inhibition. The specificity to chromogenic substrate and the inhibition by PMSF indicates that it is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. Presented results suggest that this enzyme produced by solid-state fermentation is an interesting alternative as a candidate for thrombolytic therapy

Relações hídricas de genótipos com divergência fenotípica para tolerância à seca.

Objetivou-se estudar a adaptação de genótipos de feijoeiro à deficiência hídrica, por meio da avaliação do potencial da água e da temperatura das folhas.CONAF

The effect of Co and Zn addition on densification and electrical properties of ceria-based nanopowders

CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORIn this work, cobalt and zinc-doped Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 samples were prepared starting from a commercial nanopowder and compared to the undoped material. The powder samples were pressed and afterwards sintered by a two-step procedure, before characterization by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) in air. Cobalt or zinc additions are effective as sintering aid, allowing peak sintering temperatures around 1000 degrees C to reach densifications above of 93% of theoretical density, showing no evidence for the presence of secondary phases. The total conductivity at 800 degrees C of pressed Zn-doped samples (6.7x10(-2) S/cm) and Co-doped samples (7.5x10(-2) S/cm) is similar for undoped samples (7.2x10(-2) S/cm) showing that Zn and Co has a positive effect on densification without compromising the electrical conductivity.In this work, cobalt and zinc-doped Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 samples were prepared starting from a commercial nanopowder and compared to the undoped material. The powder samples were pressed and afterwards sintered by a two-step procedure, before characterization by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) in air. Cobalt or zinc additions are effective as sintering aid, allowing peak sintering temperatures around 1000 degrees C to reach densifications above of 93% of theoretical density, showing no evidence for the presence of secondary phases. The total conductivity at 800 degrees C of pressed Zn-doped samples (6.7x10(-2) S/cm) and Co-doped samples (7.5x10(-2) S/cm) is similar for undoped samples (7.2x10(-2) S/cm) showing that Zn and Co has a positive effect on densification without compromising the electrical conductivity.19510571063CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORSem informaçãoSem informaçãoFinancial supports from CAPES and CNPq are greatly appreciated. We would like to thank Rita C. G. Vinhas (State University of Campinas, Campinas Campus, Brazil), for helping with the XPS measurements

Drought tolerance and antioxidant enzymatic activity in transgenic ?Swingle? citrumelo plants over-accumulating proline.

In this study we investigated the effects of the high endogenous proline level on water relations, gas exchange and antioxidant enzymatic activity in leaves of transgenic ?Swingle? citrumelo rootstocks transformed with the P5CSF129A gene coding for the key-enzyme for proline synthesis, under water deficit. Leaf total water, osmotic and pressure potentials, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rates and xylem sapflowwere evaluated in non-transformed control and transgenic plants during water deficit treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activities were quantified in leaves collected based on their total water potential, representing the following conditions: irrigated (w =−1.3 MPa), moderate stress (w =−2.3 to −2.5 MPa), severe stress (w =−3.8 to −3.9 MPa) and recovery (24 h after re-irrigation: w =−1.3 to −1.9 MPa). Osmotic adjustment was observed in transgenic plants until 11 days after withholding water, while pressure potential in non-transformed controls was close to zero after nine days of water deprivation. This superior maintenance of turgor pressure in leaves of transgenic plants led to higher stomatal conductance, photosynthetic and transpiration rates when compared to non-transgenic plants. Drought caused a significant decrease in APX and SOD activities in control plants, followed by an increase after re-watering. On the other hand, CAT was more active in control than in transgenic plants under irrigated condition and both stress levels. Our results suggest that transgenic plants were able to cope with water deficit better than non-transformed controls since the high endogenous proline level acted not only by mediating osmotic adjustment, but also by contributing to gas exchange parameters and ameliorating deleterious effects of drought-induced oxidative stress

Hyperpigmentant activity of leaves and flowers extracts of Pyrostegia venusta on murine B16F10 melanoma

AbstractEthnopharmacological relevancePyrostegia venusta is a native Brazilian plant which has a variety of uses in traditional folk medicine including the treatment of vitiligo. However, its effectiveness on melanogenesis is not yet elucidated.Aim of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the melanogenic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from the leaves and flowers of P. venusta on murine B16F10 melanoma cells.Materials and methodsDifferent concentrations of the hydroalcoholic extracts of flowers and leaves of P. venusta were evaluated in trials of spontaneous melanin content (4 days), and cell viability by the MTT assay in murine B16F10 cells, and in the mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro.ResultsBoth extracts, leaves (0.1; 0.3; 1 and 3μg/mL) and flowers (0.03 and 0.1μg/mL) increased the melanin content in a concentration dependent manner after 4 days of incubation on melanoma cells. Leaves extract promoted enhancement of melanogenesis with maximum effect of 33.3±3% (3μg/mL), and the flower extract increased in 23.4±3% (0.1μg/mL). The cell viability test using MTT showed that in the same tested concentrations of both extracts no cell death was detected. Actually, either extract was not able to cause any change in the tyrosinase activity. HPLC analysis of P. venusta extracts found 0.09% and 1.08% of allantoin on leaves and flowers extracts, respectively.ConclusionsThe leaves and flowers extracts of P. venusta stimulates B16F10 melanogenesis at very low concentrations. These findings support the folk medicinal use of P. venusta on the treatment of hypopigmentation diseases, such as vitiligo