553 research outputs found
Don’t tell me about my moral failures but motivate me to improve: Increasing effectiveness of outgroup criticism by criticizing one’s competence
Criticizing people on their prior moral failures often causes them to react defensively, especially when this is done by an outgroup. In the current research, we tested whether people become more receptive to such outgroup criticism when it refers to (failures of) their competence, rather than their morality. We conducted two studies, using a 2: Critic's group‐membership (receiving criticism from an ingroup vs. outgroup) × 2: Dimension (competence vs. morality as focal concern addressed with the criticism) mixed design. Findings showed that, regardless of source, participants made fewer negative attributions, were more motivated to improve, and more often indicated they changed their behavior after they had been criticized on their competence, instead of on their morality. Thus, criticizing past behavior for failing to show competence instead of morality might be a way to reduce defensive responses and to stimulate behavior change, even for outgroup critics
Experimental and Numerical Study of the Dispersion and Transport of Automobile Exhaust Gases from Highways
This paper describes examples of modelling and of measurements of the dispersion and transport of exhaust gases from automobiles on a highway. Model runs were performed by a large-eddy-simulation model. The measurements were carried through by the DLR environmental research aircraft lee-side of the highway between München and Augsburg
Herd characteristics and cow-level factors associated with Prototheca mastitis on dairy farms in Ontario, Canada
Prototheca spp. are algae that cause incurable acute or chronic mastitis in
dairy cows. The aim of this case-control study was the identification of cow-
and herd-level risk factors for this unusual mastitis pathogen. Aseptically
collected composite milk samples from 2,428 milking cows in 23 case and 23
control herds were collected between January and May 2011. A questionnaire was
administered to the producers, and cow-level production and demographic data
were gathered. In 58 of 64 isolates, Prototheca spp. and Prototheca zopfii
genotypes were differentiated using PCR and matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. All isolates were
identified as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2. The mean within-herd prevalence
for Prototheca spp. was 5.1% (range 0.0-12.5%). Case herds had a significantly
lower herd-level prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and a higher prevalence
of yeasts than did control herds. The final logistic regression model for
herd-level risk factors included use of intramammary injections of a non-
intramammary drug [odds ratio (OR) = 136.8], the number of different
injectable antibiotic products being used (OR = 2.82), the use of any dry cow
teat sealant (external OR = 80.0; internal OR = 34.2), and having treated 3 or
more displaced abomasums in the last 12 mo OR = 44.7). The final logistic
regression model for cow-level risk factors included second or greater
lactation (OR = 4.40) and the logarithm of the lactation-average somatic cell
count (OR = 2.99). Unsanitary or repeated intramammary infusions, antibiotic
treatment, and off-label use of injectable drugs in the udder might promote
Prototheca udder infection
Amine-based solvents for exfoliating graphite to graphene outperform the dispersing capacity of N-methyl-pyrrolidone and surfactants
Four organic amine-based solvents were discovered which enable direct exfoliation of graphite to produce high-quality and oxygen-free graphene nanosheets. These solvents outperform previously used solvents and additives such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone and surfactants in terms of their dispersing capacity. The resulting dispersions allow the facile fabrication of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)–graphene nanocomposites with remarkable CO2 storage capability
Забезпечення розвитку інноваційності промислових підприємств при активізації інтелектуального капіталу суспільства
Проаналізовано стан і умови інноваційної діяльності підприємств в Україні. Досліджено проблеми неефективності державної політики в економічній сфері щодо розвитку інноваційності промислових підприємств. Розроблено пропозиції з удосконалення структури і напрямів діяльності державної політики щодо розвитку інноваційності промислових підприємств при активізації інтелектуального капіталу суспільства.Проанализированы состояние и условия инновационной деятельности предприятий в Украине. Исследованы проблемы неэффективности государственной политики в экономической сфере относительно развития инновационности промышленных предприятий. Разработаны предложения по усовершенствованию структуры и направлений деятельности государственной политики относительно развития инновационности промышленных предприятий при активизации интеллектуального капитала.The state and terms of innovative activity of enterprises in Ukraine are analyzed. Problems of inefficiency of public policy are investigated in an economic sphere in relation to innovativeness development of industrial enterprises. Suggestions for the improvement of structure and directions public policy activity in relation to innovativeness development of the industrial enterprises during activation of the society intellectual capital are worked out
Kinetic models with randomly perturbed binary collisions
We introduce a class of Kac-like kinetic equations on the real line, with
general random collisional rules, which include as particular cases models for
wealth redistribution in an agent-based market or models for granular gases
with a background heat bath. Conditions on these collisional rules which
guarantee both the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium profiles and their
main properties are found. We show that the characterization of these
stationary solutions is of independent interest, since the same profiles are
shown to be solutions of different evolution problems, both in the econophysics
context and in the kinetic theory of rarefied gases
On Poincare and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities for a class of singular Gibbs measures
This note, mostly expository, is devoted to Poincar{\'e} and log-Sobolev
inequalities for a class of Boltzmann-Gibbs measures with singular interaction.
Such measures allow to model one-dimensional particles with confinement and
singular pair interaction. The functional inequalities come from convexity. We
prove and characterize optimality in the case of quadratic confinement via a
factorization of the measure. This optimality phenomenon holds for all beta
Hermite ensembles including the Gaussian unitary ensemble, a famous exactly
solvable model of random matrix theory. We further explore exact solvability by
reviewing the relation to Dyson-Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusion dynamics admitting
the Hermite-Lassalle orthogonal polynomials as a complete set of
eigenfunctions. We also discuss the consequence of the log-Sobolev inequality
in terms of concentration of measure for Lipschitz functions such as maxima and
linear statistics.Comment: Minor improvements. To appear in Geometric Aspects of Functional
Analysis -- Israel Seminar (GAFA) 2017-2019", Lecture Notes in Mathematics
225
Sediment history mirrors Pleistocene aridification in the Gobi Desert (Ejina Basin, NW China)
Central Asia is a large-scale source of dust transport, but it also held a prominent changing hydrological system during the Quaternary. A 223 m long sediment core (GN200) was recovered from the Ejina Basin (synonymously Gaxun Nur Basin) in NW China to reconstruct the main modes of water availability in the area during the Quaternary. The core was drilled from the Heihe alluvial fan, one of the world's largest alluvial fans, which covers a part of the Gobi Desert. Grain-size distributions supported by endmember modelling analyses, geochemical-mineralogical compositions (based on XRF and XRD measurements), and bioindicator data (ostracods, gastropods, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs, and n-alkanes with leaf-wax delta D) are used to infer the main transport processes and related environmental changes during the Pleistocene. Magnetostratigraphy supported by radionuclide dating provides the age model. Grain- size endmembers indicate that lake, playa (sheetflood), fluvial, and aeolian dynamics are the major factors influencing sedimentation in the Ejina Basin. Core GN200 reached the pre-Quatemary quartz- and plagioclase-rich "Red Clay" formation and reworked material derived from it in the core bottom. This part is overlain by silt-dominated sediments between 217 and 110 m core depth, which represent a period of lacustrine and playa-lacustrine sedimentation that presumably formed within an endorheic basin. The upper core half between 110 and 0 m is composed of mainly silty to sandy sediments derived from the Heihe that have accumulated in a giant sediment fan until modem time. Apart from the transition from a siltier to a sandier environment with frequent switches between sediment types upcore, the clay mineral fraction is indicative of different environments. Mixed-layer clay minerals (chlorite/smectite) are increased in the basal Red Clay and reworked sediments, smectite is indicative of lacustrine-playa deposits, and increased chlorite content is characteristic of the Heihe river deposits. The sediment succession in core GN200 based on the detrital proxy interpretation demonstrates that lake-playa sedimentation in the Ejina Basin has been disrupted likely due to tectonic events in the southern part of the catchment around 1 Ma. At this time Heihe broke through from the Hexi Corridor through the Heli Shan ridge into the northern Ejina Basin. This initiated the alluvial fan progradation into the Ejina Basin. Presently the sediment bulge repels the diminishing lacustrine environment further north. In this sense, the uplift of the hinterland served as a tipping element that triggered landscape transformation in the northern Tibetan foreland (i.e. the Hexi Corridor) and further on in the adjacent northern intracontinental Ejina Basin. The onset of alluvial fan formation coincides with increased sedimentation rates on the Chinese Loess Plateau, suggesting that the Heihe alluvial fan may have served as a prominent upwind sediment source for it
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