184 research outputs found
HYDROTHERMAL METHANE FLUXES FROM THE SOIL AT SOUSAKI (GREECE)
Methane soil flux measurements have been made in 38 sites at the geothermal system of
Sousaki (Greece) with the closed chamber method. Fluxes range from –47.6 to 29,150 mg m-2 d-1 and
the diffuse CH4 output of the system has been estimated in 19 t/a. Contemporaneous CO2 flux measurements
showed a fair positive correlation between CO2 and CH4 fluxes but the flux ratio evidenced
methanotrophic activity within the soil. Laboratory CH4 consumption experiments confirmed the presence
of methanotrophic microorganisms in soil samples collected at Sousaki. These results further confirm
recent studies on other geothermal systems that revealed the existence of thermophilic and acidophilic
bacteria exerting methanotrophic activity also in hot and acid soils thereby reducing methane
emissions to the atmosphere
Quasiperiodic graphs: structural design, scaling and entropic properties
A novel class of graphs, here named quasiperiodic, are constructed via
application of the Horizontal Visibility algorithm to the time series generated
along the quasiperiodic route to chaos. We show how the hierarchy of
mode-locked regions represented by the Farey tree is inherited by their
associated graphs. We are able to establish, via Renormalization Group (RG)
theory, the architecture of the quasiperiodic graphs produced by irrational
winding numbers with pure periodic continued fraction. And finally, we
demonstrate that the RG fixed-point degree distributions are recovered via
optimization of a suitably defined graph entropy
Large-scale structure of a nation-wide production network
Production in an economy is a set of firms' activities as suppliers and
customers; a firm buys goods from other firms, puts value added and sells
products to others in a giant network of production. Empirical study is lacking
despite the fact that the structure of the production network is important to
understand and make models for many aspects of dynamics in economy. We study a
nation-wide production network comprising a million firms and millions of
supplier-customer links by using recent statistical methods developed in
physics. We show in the empirical analysis scale-free degree distribution,
disassortativity, correlation of degree to firm-size, and community structure
having sectoral and regional modules. Since suppliers usually provide credit to
their customers, who supply it to theirs in turn, each link is actually a
creditor-debtor relationship. We also study chains of failures or bankruptcies
that take place along those links in the network, and corresponding
avalanche-size distribution.Comment: 17 pages with 8 figures; revised section VI and references adde
A network model for field and quenched disorder effects in artificial spin ice
We have performed a systematic study of the effects of field strength and
quenched disorder on the driven dynamics of square artificial spin ice. We
construct a network representation of the configurational phase space, where
nodes represent the microscopic configurations and a directed link between node
i and node j means that the field may induce a transition between the
corresponding configurations. In this way, we are able to quantitatively
describe how the field and the disorder affect the connectedness of states and
the reversibility of dynamics. In particular, we have shown that for optimal
field strengths, a substantial fraction of all states can be accessed using
external driving fields, and this fraction is increased by disorder. We discuss
how this relates to control and potential information storage applications for
artificial spin ices
Feigenbaum graphs: a complex network perspective of chaos
The recently formulated theory of horizontal visibility graphs transforms
time series into graphs and allows the possibility of studying dynamical
systems through the characterization of their associated networks. This method
leads to a natural graph-theoretical description of nonlinear systems with
qualities in the spirit of symbolic dynamics. We support our claim via the case
study of the period-doubling and band-splitting attractor cascades that
characterize unimodal maps. We provide a universal analytical description of
this classic scenario in terms of the horizontal visibility graphs associated
with the dynamics within the attractors, that we call Feigenbaum graphs,
independent of map nonlinearity or other particulars. We derive exact results
for their degree distribution and related quantities, recast them in the
context of the renormalization group and find that its fixed points coincide
with those of network entropy optimization. Furthermore, we show that the
network entropy mimics the Lyapunov exponent of the map independently of its
sign, hinting at a Pesin-like relation equally valid out of chaos.Comment: Published in PLoS ONE (Sep 2011
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