51,308 research outputs found
Coherent view of crystal chemistry and ab initio analyses of Pb(II) and Bi(III) Lone Pair in square planar coordination
The stereochemistry of 6s2 (E) lone pair of divalent Pb and trivalent Bi
(PbII and BiIII designated by M*) in structurally related PbO, PbFX (X= Cl, Br,
I), BiOX (X= F, Cl, Br, I) and Bi2NbO5F is rationalized. The lone pair LP
presence determined by its sphere of influence E, equal to those of oxygen or
fluorine anions, was settled by its center then giving M*-E directions and
distances. Detailed description of structural features of both elements in the
title compounds characterized by [PbEO]n and [BiEO]n layers allowed to show the
evolution of M*-E distance versus the changes with the square pyramidal SP
coordination polyhedra. All are different, in red PbO one finds {PbEO4E4}
square antiprism, a {[Bi.E]O4X4Xapical} monocapped square antiprism in PbFX and
BiOX and {BiEO4F4}square antiprism in Bi2NbO5F. To analyze the crystal
chemistry results, the electronic structures of these compounds were calculated
within density functional theory DFT. Real space analyses of electron
localization illustrate a full volume development of the lone pair on PbII
within {PbEO4E4} in PbOE, {PbEF4X4} in PbFXE and Bi(III) within {BiEO4X4}
square antiprisms, contrary to Bi(III) within {[Bi.E]O4F4Fapical} monocapped
square antiprism. Larger hardness (larger bulk modules B0) and band gap
characterize BiOF versus PbO due to the presence of F which brings antibonding
Bi-F interactions oppositely to mainly bonding Bi-O. In PbFX and BiOX series
there is a systematic decrease of B0 with the increasing volume following the
nature and size of X which is decreasingly electronegative and increasingly
large. The electronic densities of states mirror these effects through the
relative energy position and relative electronegativities of F/X and O/X
leading to decrease the band gap.Comment: 20 text pages/ 10 multifigures/large review article, J. Progress
Solid State Chemistry, under production MAY 201
Non-Singular Bounces Catalysed by Dark Energy
We investigate classically non-singular bounces caused by dark energy. In the
presence of positive spatial curvature, vacuum energy, either in the form of a
cosmological constant or a scalar field potential, allows for an open set of
initial conditions leading to non-singular bounces, without any violation of
the null energy condition. We study anisotropic Bianchi IX cosmologies, and
demonstrate that they can even have multiple bounces, accompanied by intricate
evolutions of the anisotropies that provide a non-singular analogue of
mixmaster crunches. The relation of these solutions to more complete
cosmological models, as well as to the recently proposed swampland criteria,
are briefly discussed.Comment: 30 pages, 25 figure files; v2: references adde
Generalized diffusion equation
Modern analyses of diffusion processes have proposed nonlinear versions of
the Fokker-Planck equation to account for non-classical diffusion. These
nonlinear equations are usually constructed on a phenomenological basis. Here
we introduce a nonlinear transformation by defining the -generating function
which, when applied to the intermediate scattering function of classical
statistical mechanics, yields, in a mathematically systematic derivation, a
generalized form of the advection-diffusion equation in Fourier space. Its
solutions are discussed and suggest that the -generating function approach
should be a useful tool to generalize classical diffusive transport
formulations.Comment: 5 pages with 3 figure
Introduction to special section: Active Fault-Related Folding: Structural Evolution, Geomorphologic Expression, Paleoseismology, and Seismic Hazards
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Molecular theory of anomalous diffusion
We present a Master Equation formulation based on a Markovian random walk
model that exhibits sub-diffusion, classical diffusion and super-diffusion as a
function of a single parameter. The non-classical diffusive behavior is
generated by allowing for interactions between a population of walkers. At the
macroscopic level, this gives rise to a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation. The
diffusive behavior is reflected not only in the mean-squared displacement
( with ) but also in the existence
of self-similar scaling solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation. We give a
physical interpretation of sub- and super-diffusion in terms of the attractive
and repulsive interactions between the diffusing particles and we discuss
analytically the limiting values of the exponent . Simulations based on
the Master Equation are shown to be in agreement with the analytical solutions
of the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation in all three diffusion regimes.Comment: Published text with additional comment
Clustering properties of rectangular Macdonald polynomials
The clustering properties of Jack polynomials are relevant in the theoretical
study of the fractional Hall states. In this context, some factorization
properties have been conjectured for the -deformed problem involving
Macdonald polynomials. The present paper is devoted to the proof of this
formula. To this aim we use four families of Jack/Macdonald polynomials:
symmetric homogeneous, nonsymmetric homogeneous, shifted symmetric and shifted
nonsymmetric.Comment: 43 pages, 2 figure
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