From Sectation to Nation

A sectation is a country consisting of individual parts with disparate identities. Lebanon is classified as such because of the sectarianism that emerged out of the confessional political system’s emphasis on sect and religious affiliation. My work attempts to find a potential solution to the division in the country. It includes: First, an analysis of the history of Lebanon in order to find instances where confessional politics actually induced sectarianism. Second, the use of the Qur’an and political Islamist thinkers to explain how the establishment of an Islamic government may help move Lebanon towards nation. Third, an examination of the present-day Islamic government in Egypt headed by President Mohamed Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood to illustrate the need for the complete espousal of the current regime to achieve renewal rather than regression. The total abolition of the confessional political system can set the country on the path to renewal. And an Islamic government is a viable alternative, a way out, and an opportunity to transform Lebanon into a nation: a community with a common identity

Territorial and Sustainable Healthy Diets

The rapid changes that societies have gone through in the last few decades have led to the increase in the prevalence of malnutrition in all its forms and to the degradation of natural resources and the environment. The change in the dietary habits and production systems are responsible for much of this change. Some territorial diets have been shown as potentially capable of reversing these trends by positively contributing to the health of people and the environment such as the Mediterranean Diet and the New Nordic Diet. In this paper, we review the contribution of these 2 diets to health and nutrition and to environmental, sociocultural, and economic sustainability proposing pertinent indicators. Learning from a culturally established diet and a constructed one, tradeoff could be reached to ensure better health and sustainability outcomes. Strong factors for achieving this goal lie in building on the sociocultural appropriation of diets, having the proper tools and indicators, investing in cross-sector collaboration and policy coherence, and having the necessary political support to push the agenda of sustainability forward

SEGMENTATION TECHNIQUES BASED ON CLUSTERING FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MOBILITY DATA

La Tesi riguarda l'analisi e applicazione di metodi di segmentazione per il partizionamento delle traiettorie spaziali in sotto-traiettorie semanticamente significative, e il loro utilizzo per l'analisi del comportamento di oggetti in movimento. Le traiettorie spaziali sono dati strutturati complessi costituiti da sequenze ordinate di punti spazio-temporali che campionano il movimento continuo di un oggetto in uno spazio di riferimento. Le tecniche di segmentazione sono essenziali per l'analisi delle traiettorie spaziali. In generale, l'attivit\ue0 di segmentazione divide una sequenza di punti dati in una serie di sottosequenze disgiunte basate su criteri di omogeneit\ue0. La Tesi si focalizza, in particolare, sulle tecniche di segmentazione basate su \u201cdensity based clustering\u201d. A differenza dei processi di clustering tradizionali, che sono applicati ad \u201cinsiemi\u201d di punti, le tecniche di segmentazione basate su clustering partizionano \u201csequenze\u201d in una serie di \u201cclusters\u201d temporalmente separati. Possibili applicazioni includono l'analisi del movimento di individui in ambito urbano e lo studio del comportamento di animali. Alcune tecniche di segmentazione basate su \u201ccluster\u201d sono descritte in letteratura, tuttavia nessuna di queste soluzioni permette di gestire in modo efficace i punti non strutturati (noise). Inoltre, le metodologie adottate per validare queste tecniche soffrono di gravi limitazioni, ad esempio le verifiche sperimentale utilizzano dati molto semplici che non riflettono la complessit\ue0 del movimento reale, come pure non permettono di effettuare un confronto con ground truth. Questa Tesi si focalizza su una recente tecnica per la segmentazione basata su cluster con noise, chiamata SeqScan, proposta in un lavoro precedente. In particolare, la ricerca ha affrontato i seguenti problemi: i) definizione di un framework rigoroso per l' analisi delle propriet\ue0 del modello di segmentazione; ii) validazione del metodo attraverso un'ampia sperimentazione che prevede il confronto con la ground truth; iii) estensione dell'approccio per consentire la individuazione di gatherings. Il gathering \ue9 un gruppo di oggetti mobili che condividono la stessa zona, per un certo periodo di tempo con la possibilit\ue0 di assenze occasionali; iv) sviluppo di una piattaforma software che integra i diversi algoritmi ed ulteriori strumenti a supporto dell'analisi dei dati di mobilit\ue0.The Thesis focuses on segmentation methods for the partitioning of spatial trajectories in semantically meaningful sub-trajectories and their application to the analysis of mobility behavior. Spatial trajectories are complex structured data consisting of sequences of temporally ordered spatio-temporal points sampling the continuous movement of an object in a reference space. Spatial trajectories can reveal behavioral information about individuals and groups of individuals, and that motivates the concern for data analysis techniques. Segmentation techniques are key for the analysis of spatial trajectories. In general, the segmentation task partitions a sequence of data points in a series of disjoint sub-sequences based on some homogeneity criteria. The Thesis focuses, in particular, on the use of clustering methods for the segmentation of spatial trajectories. Unlike the traditional clustering task, which is applied to sets of data points, the goal of this class of techniques is to partition sequential data in temporally separated clusters. Such techniques can be utilized for example to detect the sequences of places or regions visited by moving objects. While a number of techniques for the cluster-based segmentation are proposed in literature, none of them is really robust again noise, while the methodologies put in place to validate those techniques suffer from severe limitations, e.g., simple datasets, no comparison with ground truth. This Thesis focuses on a recent cluster-based segmentation method, called SeqScan, proposed in previous work. This technique promises to be robust against noise, nonetheless the approach is empirical and lacks a formal and theoretical framework. The contribution of this research is twofold. First it provides analytical support to SeqScan, defining a rigorous framework for the analysis of the properties of the model. The method is validated through an extensive experimentation conducted in an interdisciplinary setting and contrasting the segmentation with ground truth. The second contribution is the proposal of a technique for the discovery of a collective pattern, called gathering. The gathering pattern describes a situation in which a significant number of moving objects share the same region, for enough time periods with possibility of occasional absences, e.g. a concert, an exhibition. The technique is built on SeqScan. A platform, called MigrO, has been finally developed, including not only the algorithms but also a variety of tools facilitating data analysis

Location relevance and diversity in symbolic trajectories with application to telco data

We present an approach to the discovery and characterization of relevant locations and related mobility patterns in symbolic trajectories built on call detail records - CDRs - of mobile phones (telco trajectories). While the discovery of relevant locations has been widely investigated for continuous spatial trajectories (e.g., stay points detection methods), it is not clear how to deal with the problem when the movement is defined over a discrete space and the locations are symbolic, noisy and irregularly sampled, such as in telco trajectories. In this paper, we propose a methodological approach structured in two steps, called trajectory summarization and summary trajectories analysis, respectively, the former for removing noise and irrelevant locations; the latter to synthesize key mobility features in a few novel indicators. We evaluate the methodology over a dataset of approx 17,000 trajectories with 55 million points and spanning a period of 67 days. We find that trajectory summarization does not compromise data utility, while significantly reducing data size. Moreover, the mobility indicators provide novel insights into human mobility behavior

Experimental study on heat recovery using multi tube tank: effect of changing the head shape

This work presents a heat recovery system utilized to heat water from exhaust gases of a chimney. A waste heat recovery system is suggested named as “multi tube tank”. The suggested design is illustrated and described. The system is constructed and tested. In order to enhance the system effect of changing the head shape is studied. Two head were constructed: cylindrical and conical. Results shows that conical head reflected better performance compared to cylindrical head. For a cylindrical head water temperature increase to maximum 60 °C in 275 min. while for conical 16 head water temperature increased to 70 °C in 275 min and the system was able to increase the water temperature more up to 80 °C in 400 min

Detection of Local Wall Stiffness Drop in Steel-Lined Pressure Tunnels and Shafts of Hydroelectric Power Plants Using Steep Pressure Wave Excitation and Wavelet Decomposition

A new monitoring approach for detecting, locating, and quantifying structurally weak reaches of steel-lined pressure tunnels and shafts is presented. These reaches arise from local deterioration of the backfill concrete and the rock mass surrounding the liner. The change of wave speed generated by the weakening of the radial-liner supports creates reflection boundaries for the incident pressure waves. The monitoring approach is based on the generation of transient pressure with a steep wave front and the analysis of the reflected pressure signals using the fast Fourier transform and wavelet decomposition methods. Laboratory experiments have been carried out to validate the monitoring technique. The multilayer system (steel-concrete-rock) of the pressurized shafts and tunnels is modeled by a one-layer system of the test pipe. This latter was divided into several reaches having different wall stiffnesses. Different longitudinal placements of a steel, aluminum, and PVC pipe reach were tested to validate the identification method of the weak section. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000478. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers

A mathematical model to predict mean time to delivery following cervical ripening with dinoprostone vaginal insert

The main objective of our study was to analyze the mean time to delivery following cervical ripening with a 10 mg dinoprostone vaginal insert. We performed a retrospective observational study at the level III maternity ward of Angers university hospital. We included all women who had cervical ripening with dinoprostone between January 1, 2015 and September 30, 2016. Overall, 405 patients were included, and 59.3% (240/405) were nulliparous. The mean time to delivery was 20h39 min ± 10h49 min. 21% of deliveries (86/405) occurred between midnight and 6 h a.m., and the cesarean section rate was 33% (132/405). Multiple regression analysis showed that nulliparity, overweight (BMI ≥ 25), a closed cervix on initial examination and the absence of premature rupture of membranes (PRM) all significantly increased the mean time to delivery. We developed a mathematical model integrating the aforementioned factors and their impact to help predict the mean time to delivery following cervical ripening with dinoprostone vaginal insert: Y = 961.188-80.346 × parity + 21.437 × BMI-165.263 × cervical dilation-241.759 × PRM. This equation allows obstetricians to calculate a personalized time to delivery for each patient, allowing a precise scheduling of dinoprostone insert placement, and thus improving the organization in busy maternity wards

8Be cluster emission versus alpha evaporation in 28Si + 12C

The possible occurence of highly deformed configurations in the $^{40}$Ca di-nuclear system formed in the $^{28}$Si + $^{12}$C reaction is investigated by analyzing the spectra of emitted light charged particles. Both inclusive and exclusive measurements of the heavy fragments (A $\geq$ 10) and their associated light charged particles (protons and $\alpha$ particles) have been made at the IReS Strasbourg {\sc VIVITRON} Tandem facility at bombarding energies of $E_{lab}$ ($^{28}$Si) = 112 MeV and 180 MeV by using the {\sc ICARE} charged particle multidetector array. The energy spectra, velocity distributions, in-plane and out-of-plane angular correlations of light charged particles are compared to statistical-model calculations using a consistent set of parameters with spin-dependent level densities. This spin dependence approach suggests the onset of large nuclear deformation in $^{40}$Ca at high spin. This conclusion might be connected with the recent observation of superdeformed bands in the $^{40}$Ca nucleus. The analysis of $\alpha$ particles in coincidence with $^{32}$S fragments suggests a surprisingly strong $^{8}$Be cluster emission of a binary nature.Comment: 39 pages 15 figure