26,167 research outputs found
Appropriate Classification of Obesity in Mentally Retarded Adults
Triceps skinfold thickness and body weight measures were obtained for 44 female and 40 male mentally retarded adults participating in a sheltered workshop setting. Subiects\u27 relative weights and skinfold thicknesses were found to correlate reasonably well for females and males, rs = .88 and .59, respectively. Use of only height and weight tables for determining the presence of obesity, however, resulted in 22.5 percent of the males and 13 .7 percent of the females being misclassified as nonobese. The distinction between overweight and obesity was discussed. Clinical/research implications of the findings were delineated
Eating Behavior of Obese and Nonobese Retarded Adults
An obese group and a nonobese group of moderately mentally retarded adults were identified through use of body weight and tricep skinfold thickness measures. Subjects were observed individually in a sheltered workshop cafeteria during their normal lunch period. A variety of eating behavior measureswere obtained. Results indicated that the obese retarded subjects did not differ from their nonobese peers in eating rate, total meal time, or caloric intake. Large variability was observed in the measures for both groups. Implications of these data for behavioral treatments of obesity and the need for alternative explanations of an obese condition were discussed
Obesity of Mentally Retarded Individuals: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Intervention
Research on the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment of obesity of mentally retarded individuals within the context of research findings with the obese nonretarded population was selectively reviewed. According to the available literature, obesity is a prevalent problem in the retarded population, and there is a greater incidence among females than males. The literature also suggests that obese retarded subjects as a group can be distinguished from their nonobese peers by their physical condition, but not by their eating style or personality characteristics. Behavioral self-control strategies have been found to be effective in producing weight loss in obese retarded children and adults. Further research is needed to reduce the high interindividual variability observed in treatment outcome studies and to address problems of long-term maintenance of weight loss
Automated design of minimum drag light aircraft fuselages and nacelles
The constrained minimization algorithm of Vanderplaats is applied to the problem of designing minimum drag faired bodies such as fuselages and nacelles. Body drag is computed by a variation of the Hess-Smith code. This variation includes a boundary layer computation. The encased payload provides arbitrary geometric constraints, specified a priori by the designer, below which the fairing cannot shrink. The optimization may include engine cooling air flows entering and exhausting through specific port locations on the body
Reformulation in planning
Reformulation of a problem is intended to make the problem more amenable to efficient solution. This is equally true in the special case of reformulating a planning problem. This paper considers various ways in which reformulation can be exploited in planning
The effects of isometric work on heart rate, blood pressure, and net oxygen cost
Isometric exercise effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and net oxygen cos
Understanding Pound-Drever-Hall locking using voltage controlled radio-frequency oscillators: An undergraduate experiment
We have developed a senior undergraduate experiment that illustrates
frequency stabilization techniques using radio-frequency electronics. The
primary objective is to frequency stabilize a voltage controlled oscillator to
a cavity resonance at 800 MHz using the Pound-Drever-Hall method. This
technique is commonly applied to stabilize lasers at optical frequencies. By
using only radio-frequency equipment it is possible to systematically study
aspects of the technique more thoroughly, inexpensively, and free from eye
hazards. Students also learn about modular radio-frequency electronics and
basic feedback control loops. By varying the temperature of the resonator,
students can determine the thermal expansion coefficients of copper, aluminum,
and super invar.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Excavations at Sites 41LK31/32 and 41LK202 in the Choke Canyon Reservoir, South Texas
Site 41 LK 31/32 is located in Live Oak County, southern Texas on a wide horseshoe bend of the Frio River, approximately 16 km west of the Frio\u27s confluence with the Nueces River. Construction of the Choke Canyon Reservoir by the Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) had necessitated an excavation program at the site prior to destruction. Investigations conducted by the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, were carried out in two stages, culminating in a major excavation during the summer of 1978. An indication of the depth and significance of cultural deposits at the site occurred in 1977 when the Bureau of Reclamation dug a series of 9 m deep geological test pits. Prehistoric occupation zones beginning at a depth of 2.5 meters and continuing to the surface were exposed. The coincidental location of necessary dam ingredients--specific clays and gravel and the site-prompted testing and, later, intensive excavation by the Center for Archaeological Research. Artifacts and depositional information derived from the field work established 41LK31/32 as the location of intermittent occupation by hunting and gathering peoples for more than 5000 years stretching from the Early Archaic through the Late Archaic
Magnetodielectric coupling in Mn3O4
We have investigated the dielectric anomalies associated with spin ordering
transitions in the tetragonal spinel MnO, using thermodynamic,
magnetic, and dielectric measurements. We find that two of the three magnetic
ordering transitions in MnO lead to decreases in the temperature
dependent dielectric constant at zero applied field. Applying a magnetic field
to the polycrystalline sample leaves these two dielectric anomalies practically
unchanged, but leads to an increase in the dielectric constant at the
intermediate spin-ordering transition. We discuss possible origins for this
magnetodielectric behavior in terms of spin-phonon coupling. Band structure
calculations suggest that in its ferrimagnetic state, MnO corresponds
to a semiconductor with no orbital degeneracy due to strong Jahn-Teller
distortion.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Disentangling the Origin and Heating Mechanism of Supernova Dust: Late-Time Spitzer Spectroscopy of the Type IIn SN 2005ip
This paper presents late-time near-infrared and {\it Spitzer} mid-infrared
photometric and spectroscopic observations of warm dust in the Type IIn SN
2005ip in NGC 2906. The spectra show evidence for two dust components with
different temperatures. Spanning the peak of the thermal emission, these
observations provide strong constraints on the dust mass, temperature, and
luminosity, which serve as critical diagnostics for disentangling the origin
and heating mechanism of each component. The results suggest the warmer dust
has a mass of \msolar, originates from newly formed
dust in the ejecta, or possibly the cool, dense shell, and is continuously
heated by the circumstellar interaction. By contrast, the cooler component
likely originates from a circumstellar shock echo that forms from the heating
of a large, pre-existing dust shell ~\msolar~by the late-time
circumstellar interaction. The progenitor wind velocity derived from the blue
edge of the He 1 1.083 \micron~P Cygni profile indicates a progenitor eruption
likely formed this dust shell 100 years prior to the supernova explosion,
which is consistent with a Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) progenitor star.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, Accepted to Ap
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