The Study of Position Accuracy Using Precise Point Positioning (PPP) In Perspective of Indonesian National Standard of Horizontal Reference Network

Precise point positioning is a GNSS based positioning method that is known to regaining more precise information about major systematical errors in its functional model. This method is seen as an advanced version of the conventional absolute positioning method that is able to offer higher accuracy of the estimate parameter. Contrarily, the relative positioning method is able to achieve high precise of the estimated parameters by using two or more receiver. Consequently, it utilizes more resources in performing observation. Hence, this contribution attempts to explore some considerable aspects that can make the PPP method has a comparable precision of the National Standard of Horizontal Reference Network (SNI JKH). Based on the experiments, with data rate of 0.03 Hz for GPS and GLONASS observation shown that result of the PPP method is comparable to the relative method, whenever the observation is performed in minimum duration of six hours. Moreover, the 3th order of accuracy can be achieved after a demanding observation period, depends on processing strategy

A census of eddies in the tropical eastern boundary of the Indian Ocean

The Indo-Australian Basin (IAB) constitutes a crucial water route for the global ocean's circulation between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Locally generated eddies contribute to the continued westward transport of water away from the IAB. In this paper, results from the first comprehensive regional ocean eddy census are discussed. A hybrid eddy census and tracking algorithm is used to analyze satellite altimetry data from 1993 to 2018. A total of 2,792 eddies were identified and tracked. Cyclonic eddies and anticyclonic eddies exhibit geographical segregation in terms of their dynamic characteristics. Larger amplitudes, radii, and absolute vorticities are associated with high eddy kinetic energy regions located in the vicinity of the South Java Current, South Equatorial Current, and Indonesian Throughflow. The eddies are grouped into three duration-based classifications providing the first systematic insight into understanding their physical characteristics, formation, and distribution in the IAB

The Study of Position Accuracy Using Precise Point Positioning (PPP) In Perspective of Indonesian National Standard of Horizontal Reference Network

Precise point positioning is a GNSS based positioning method that is known to regaining more precise information about major systematical errors in its functional model. This method is seen as an advanced version of the conventional absolute positioning method that is able to offer higher accuracy of the estimate parameter. Contrarily, the relative positioning method is able to achieve high precise of the estimated parameters by using two or more receiver. Consequently, it utilizes more resources in performing observation. Hence, this contribution attempts to explore some considerable aspects that can make the PPP method has a comparable precision of the National Standard of Horizontal Reference Network (SNI JKH). Based on the experiments, with data rate of 0.03 Hz for GPS and GLONASS observation shown that result of the PPP method is comparable to the relative method, whenever the observation is performed in minimum duration of six hours. Moreover, the 3th order of accuracy can be achieved after a demanding observation period, depends on processing strategy

Transaksi Pihak Berelasi: Kompensasi Manajemen Kunci, Kinerja Akuntansi, dan Multiple Large Shareholders

The aim of this study is to examine whether multiple large shareholders held by the company can affect the relation between accounting performance and executive compensation, using panel data of all publicly company in Indonesia (except financialand mining industries) with the research period 2017-2019. The result shows that the existence of 2nd largest shareholders that owns more than 10% stocks and also if the board has representation from 2nd largest shareholders in the company, it can reduce the positive effect of accounting performance to executive compensation. This research findings could be as an additional literature in financial accounting and corporate governance area, and also for practitioners in Indonesia that if a firm has good controlling function from multiple large shareholders, it can reduce the opportunistic discretion from executive management if the company has performance evaluation based on earnings

Off-line partial discharge measurement and localization for a 33/6.9 kV in-service transformer

This paper presents an investigation on the off-line Partial Discharge (PD) and localization for 1 unit of in-service 5 MVA 33/6.9 kV oil immersed transformer. First, Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) was performed to confirm the existence of PD activities. Next, offline PD measurements were carried out on both LV and HV windings. Once the transformer has been energized, PD localization was performed at different sections of the transformer tank. It is found that HV windings are having possible multiples PD activities based on offline Phase-Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) pattern and PD localization

Performance Analysis of Electric Vehicle Conversion at CENTER of Gravity Measurement

In this study, the conversion is done by changing conventional gasoline-powered vehicles with electricity. Replacement is done by removing the drive engine and replacing it with a drive motor that is automatically added to the battery as an energy source. Laying the existing components affects the center of grafity where all car weights are centered in one meeting point. The car that we usually see on the road has a lot of heavy components, such as engine blocks, pistons, batteries, gearboxes, axles, transfer cases and heavy components scattered throughout the car, so naturally there is a "meeting point" where all the heavy components it rests when installed. "Intersection" is the center of weight of the car. From the results of measurements and calculations, the value obtained from the change in weight of conventional vehicles to electric vehicles is quite significant around 300 kg, this is dominated by the addition of motor components in front and a total battery of 300 kg. Significant changes related to changes in center of grafity that result in a center of gravity that has been measured and calculated in good condition because the value has changed from 38.94% (front to back) to 54.50% and is in the middle of the car because the lower, the middle, the more nice. Likewise, a change of 50.34% to 50.95% (from left to right) so that the lower the center of gravity of the car, the effect will be felt when the car is bent at a bend or maneuver. Cars with low center of gravity will be more stable and have less symptoms of dizziness, so it feels more easily controlled. Heavy displacement when turning and braking is also increasingly minimal and easy to read, so the car is very easily controlled by the rider.This study and trial aims to determine the pattern of power consumption on the Kendaraan konversi and the reliability of the system. Thus the data obtained for further study related to the way of recharging the battery and improvement kendaraan konversi work system

Peningkatan Kerapatan Kayu Samama melalui Pre-kompresi Asam Sitrat (Density Improvement Of Samama Wood By Pre-compression Of Citric Acid)

Samama wood (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil.) is a potential Fast-growing species of Sulawesi and Maluku. This study aimed to increase the density of the wood through citric acid pre-compression. The temperature/time pressing formula and the optimal concentration of citric acid for fixation were also determined. Water saturated samples of (5x5x4) cm3 (L = longitudinal x T = tangential x R = radial) were pre-compressed at 100 °C for one hour to reach drying set. Subsquently, the samples were soaked for 4 hours in a citric acid solution of 5% and 10% concentration, drained and wrapped in aluminum foil before re-pressed at 180 °C for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes. Fixation was measured by soaking the samples into water for 24 hours at room temperature. The results showed that the moisture contents at fiber saturation point ranged from 33.15-33.94%, with density of 0.46 g cm-3 and oven dry density of 0.37 g cm-3. The L, T, and R shrinkages were 0.18-0.20%, 4.13-4.14%, and 2.53-3.10%, respectively; while the T/R ratio was 1.33-1.63%. Pre-compression can only be done at a compression target of 25% with compression level of 19.57-20.01%. Pre-compression increased the oven dry density of 17.11-20.13% to 0.44-0.45 g cm-3. After thickness recovery, the weight of the oven dried samples increased by 1.79-2.72% at the 5% citric acid concentration and by 12.04-15.25% at the 10% citric acid concentration. Permanent fixation achieved at 180 °C for 50 minutes pressing time with 10% citric acid concentration