On the relation between Transversal and Longitudinal Scaling in Cities

Given that a group of cities follows a scaling law connecting urban population with socio-economic or infrastructural metrics (transversal scaling), should we expect that each city would follow the same behavior over time (longitudinal scaling)? This assumption has important policy implications, although rigorous empirical tests have been so far hindered by the lack of suitable data. Here, we advance the debate by looking into the temporal evolution of the scaling laws for 5507 municipalities in Brazil. We focus on the relationship between population size and two urban variables, GDP and water network length, analyzing the time evolution of the system of cities as well as their individual trajectory. We find that longitudinal (individual) scaling exponents are city-specific, but they are distributed around an average value that approaches to the transversal scaling exponent when the data are decomposed to eliminate external factors, and when we only consider cities with a sufficiently large growth rate. Such results give support to the idea that the longitudinal dynamics is a micro-scaling version of the transversal dynamics of the entire urban system. Finally, we propose a mathematical framework that connects the microscopic level to global behavior, and, in all analyzed cases, we find good agreement between theoretical prediction and empirical evidence

Allelic database and accession divergence of a Brazilian mango collection based on microsatellite markers.

Allelic patterns and genetic distances were examined in a collection of 103 foreign and Brazilian mango (Mangifera indica) accessions in order to develop a reference database to support cultivar protection and breeding programs. An UPGMA dendrogram was generated using Jaccard coefficients from a distance matrix based on 50 alleles of 12 microsatellite loci. The base pair number was estimated by the method of inverse mobility. The cophenetic correlation was 0.8. The accessions had a coefficient of similarity of from 30 to 100%, which reflects high genetic variability. Three groups were observed in the UPGMA dendrogram; the first group was formed predominantly by foreign accessions, the second group was formed by Brazilian accessions, and the Dashehari accession was isolated from the others. The 50 microsatellite alleles did not separate all 103 accessions, indicating that there are duplicates in this mango collection. These 12 microsatellites need to be validated in order to establish a reliable set to identify mango cultivars

Transformer-based language models for semantic search and mobile applications retrieval

Search engines are being extensively used by Mobile App Stores, where millions of users world-wide use them every day. However, some stores still resort to simple lexical-based search engines, despite the recent advances in Machine Learning, Information Retrieval, and Natural Language Processing, which allow for richer semantic strategies. This work proposes an approach for semantic search of mobile applications that relies on transformer-based language models, fine-tuned with the existing textual information about known mobile applications. Our approach relies solely on the application name and on the unstructured textual information contained in its description. A dataset of about 500 thousand mobile apps was extended in the scope of this work with a test set, and all the available textual data was used to fine-tune our neural language models. We have evaluated our models using a public dataset that includes information about 43 thousand applications, and 56 manually annotated non- exact queries. The results show that our model surpasses the performance of all the other retrieval strategies reported in the literature. Tests with users have confirmed the performance of our semantic search approach, when compared with an existing deployed solution.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Genotype-phenotype correlations and BH4 estimated responsiveness in patients with phenylketonuria from Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil

Background: Genetic heterogeneity and compound heterozygosis give rise to a continuous spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency and metabolic phenotypes in phenylketonuria (PKU). The most used parameters for evaluating phenotype in PKU are pretreatment phenylalanine (Phe) levels, tolerance for dietary Phe, and Phe overloading test. Phenotype can vary from a "classic" (severe) form to mild hyperphenylalaninemia, which does not require dietary treatment. A subset of patients is responsive to treatment by the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ). Genotypes of PKU patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were compared to predicted and observed phenotypes. Genotype-based estimations of responsiveness to BH4 were also conducted. Methods: Phenotype was defined by pretreatment Phe levels. A standard prediction system based on arbitrary assigned values was employed to measure genotype-phenotype concordance. Patients were also estimated as BH4 -responders according to the responsiveness previously reported for their mutations and genotypes. Results: A 48.3% concordance rate between genotype-predicted and observed phenotypes was found. When the predicted phenotypes included those reported at the BIOPKU database, the concordance rate reached 77%. A total of 18 genotypes from 30 patients (29.4%) were estimated as of potential or probable BH4 responsiveness. Inconsistencies were observed in genotypic combinations including the common "moderate" mutations p.R261Q, p.V388M, and p.I65T and the mild mutations p.L48S, p.R68S, and p.L249F. Conclusion: The high discordance rate between genotype-predicted and observed metabolic phenotypes in this study seems to be due partially to the high frequency of the so-called "moderate" common mutations, p.R261Q, p.V388M, and p.I65T, which are reported to be associated to erratic or more severe than expected metabolic phenotypes. Although our results of BH4 estimated responsiveness must be regarded as tentative, it should be emphasized that genotyping and genotype-phenotype association studies are important in selecting patients to be offered a BH4 overload test, especially in low-resource settings like Brazil.Dr. Vieira Neto reports two public grants from Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (Capes) of the Ministry of Education, Brazil, and private grants from FBM Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd., Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil, and from Danone Ltd., São Paulo, Brazil, during the conduct of the study.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação da sucessão soja superprecoce trigo no planalto central do Brasil.

Com o plantio de soja superprecoce, abre-se a possibilidade de sucessão de culturas, e neste caso além de possibilitar uma rotação de culturas tem-se a possibilidade com a antecipação da colheita da soja obter melhor preço de venda. Com o objetivo de estudar a viabilidade do plantio de trigo safrinha após soja no Cerrado do Planalto Central, montou-se um experimento para avaliar o plantio de soja superprecoce seguido do plantio de trigo safrinha, produzindo assim duas safras no período. O plantio de soja foi realizado em 08 de outubro de 2010, com linhagens de soja superprecoce provenientes do programa de melhoramento de soja da Embrapa. A colheita foi realizada dia 25 de janeiro de 2011 com colhedora de parcela Winterstiger. Para a cultura do trigo, oito genótipos desenvolvidos para ambas as épocas, (safrinha e inverno), sendo eles, Aliança, Brilhante, BR18, BRS254, BRS264, PF020037 e PF020062, foram plantados, sem irrigação, no dia 31 de janeiro de 2011, logo após a colheita da soja superprecoce, utilizando-se apenas a adubação residual da soja. A unidade experimental foi de 15m2 com 3 repetições em blocos ao acaso. Como ocorreu alta incidência de brusone (Pyricularia grisea) na cultura do trigo, demarcou-se em cada parcela uma área de 1m2 para avaliação da porcentagem de impacto da doença. A colheita mecânica das parcelas foi finalizada em 09 de maio de 2011. O rendimento de grãos das culturas foi obtido por meio da pesagem das parcelas, e posteriormente, transformado para kg ha-1. A produtividade média das linhagens de soja ficou em 3300 kg/ha e os cultivares de trigo atingiram até 1140 kg/ha. Dos materiais testados de trigo, PF020062 foi o genótipo mais promissor para plantio pós soja superprecoce, pois apresentou maior produtividade e maior valor de pH. O percentual de impacto da brusone sobre a produtividade variou de 5,3% a 11,9%, mas não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os genótipos

Projeto Balde Cheio: Transferência de tecnologia na produção leiteira - Estudo de caso do sítio Boa Vista, de Elisário, SP.

bitstream/CPPSE/16835/1/comutecnico71.pdfISSN 1981-206