Survey of State Laws Governing Fees Associated with Late Payment of Rent

The Survey contains both a cumulative and detailed account of the laws of each state governing late fees and penalties associated with late payment of rent involving residential tenancies. States that impose late fee maximums vary greatly on the amount and form of the limitation—some limit the late fee to a certain percentage of the rental amount, a few states impose a dollar amount maximum, and several states impose both. Some states, rather than limiting the late fee to a certain amount, only require that the late fee be “reasonable.” Additionally, a handful of states mandate that late fees can only accrue after a certain grace period, and some states require that any late fee policy be in writing and within the lease agreement. Also, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some states instituted temporary moratoriums on late fees. The Survey begins with a detailed summary comparing each state\u27s laws in this different areas related to late fees, followed by a table outlining the relevant laws of each of the 50 states

The multiple temporalities of a disaster. Continuity, Discontinuity, and Singularity of the Tunjuelo River (Bogotá, Colombia) Floods, October 1969

(Spa) El artículo analiza el desastre derivado en octubre de 1969 del desborde del río Tunjuelo, al sur de Bogotá, y que afectó a los habitantes de tres barrios populares ribereños del río. El desastre se analiza como un producto histórico de la interacción de dinámicas sociales y naturales que se expresan en diferentes temporalidades. Así, se analizan aquellos elementos que permiten entenderlo como un evento más dentro de una serie de continuidades. También se analiza la singularidad, aquello que permitió que el desastre se manifestara y posicionara ante el resto de la ciudad. Finalmente se exploran dinámicas que se vieron alteradas por la calamidad, es decir, se identifican discontinuidades en la relación entre el río, la ciudad y los habitantes. Las fuentes utilizadas consisten en registros de prensa, archivos institucionales e informes técnicos.(Eng) The article analyzes the disaster stemmed from the Tunjuelo River (Bogotá, Colombia) overflow in October 1969, which affected three neighborhoods, mainly inhabited by poor people. That event is analyzed as a historic output from the interaction between human and ecological elements and dynamics that are deployed through several temporalities. By doing so, elements that made the disaster be understood as part of a series of similar events are discussed. Similarly, the singularity of the disaster, it means, that facts that made the event unique, exceptional to the rest of the city, is studied. Finally, discontinuities, the temporal breaks that occurred after the disaster and that has been privileged in the historiography of catastrophes, are also included. This research has been based on local newspapers, institutional archives and technical and government reports

The impact of golf courses on farm practices : an Oregon case study

Oregon's agricultural land use goal, (Goal 3), was established to protect farm land. Land designated as Exclusive Farm Use is subject to various use provisions and permit review criteria. Golf courses are permitted in the EFU zone when they will not significantly change, or increase the cost of, accepted farming practices. A questionnaire sent to farmers who farm land within one mile of an existing golf course reveals three significant findings. First, existing golf courses can affect farming practices. Second, the impact on farming practices from future golf course developments can be reduced through the establishment of siting criteria. Third, the statutory requirement that a proposed golf course not significantly change or increase the cost of, accepted farming practices should be more clearly defined because the law does not provide a clear "yardstick" upon which a permit decision can be based