447 research outputs found
Chaotic scattering of atoms at a standing laser wave
Atoms, propagating across a detuned standing laser wave, can be scattered in
a chaotic way even in the absence of spontaneous emission and any modulation of
the laser field. Spontaneous emission masks the effect in some degree, but the
Monte Carlo simulation shows that it can be observed in real experiments by the
absorption imaging method or depositing atoms on a substrate. The effect of
chaotic scattering is explained by a specific behavior of the dipole moments of
atoms crossing the field nodes and is shown to depend strongly on the value of
the atom-laser detuning.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1201.032
A recoil detector for the measurement of antiproton-proton elastic scattering at angles close to 90
The design and construction of a recoil detector for the measurement of
recoil protons of antiproton-proton elastic scattering at scattering angles
close to 90 are described. The performance of the recoil detector has
been tested in the laboratory with radioactive sources and at COSY with proton
beams by measuring proton-proton elastic scattering. The results of laboratory
tests and commissioning with beam are presented. Excellent energy resolution
and proper working performance of the recoil detector validate the conceptual
design of the KOALA experiment at HESR to provide the cross section data needed
to achieve a precise luminosity determination at the PANDA experiment.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figure
Universal Statistics of the Scattering Coefficient of Chaotic Microwave Cavities
We consider the statistics of the scattering coefficient S of a chaotic
microwave cavity coupled to a single port. We remove the non-universal effects
of the coupling from the experimental S data using the radiation impedance
obtained directly from the experiments. We thus obtain the normalized, complex
scattering coefficient whose Probability Density Function (PDF) is predicted to
be universal in that it depends only on the loss (quality factor) of the
cavity. We compare experimental PDFs of the normalized scattering coefficients
with those obtained from Random Matrix Theory (RMT), and find excellent
agreement. The results apply to scattering measurements on any wave chaotic
system.Comment: 10 pages, 8 Figures, Fig.7 in Color, Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Anomalous quantum chaotic behavior in nanoelectromechanical structures
It is predicted that for sufficiently strong electron-phonon coupling an
anomalous quantum chaotic behavior develops in certain types of suspended
electro-mechanical nanostructures, here comprised by a thin cylindrical quantum
dot (billiard) on a suspended rectangular dielectric plate. The deformation
potential and piezoelectric interactions are considered. As a result of the
electron-phonon coupling between the two systems the spectral statistics of the
electro-mechanic eigenenergies exhibit an anomalous behavior. If the center of
the quantum dot is located at one of the symmetry axes of the rectangular
plate, the energy level distributions correspond to the Gaussian Orthogonal
Ensemble (GOE), otherwise they belong to the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE),
even though the system is time-reversal invariant.Comment: 4 pages, pdf forma
Quantum chaos in nanoelectromechanical systems
We present a theoretical study of the electron-phonon coupling in suspended
nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and investigate the resulting quantum
chaotic behavior. The phonons are associated with the vibrational modes of a
suspended rectangular dielectric plate, with free or clamped boundary
conditions, whereas the electrons are confined to a large quantum dot (QD) on
the plate's surface. The deformation potential and piezoelectric interactions
are considered. By performing standard energy-level statistics we demonstrate
that the spectral fluctuations exhibit the same distributions as those of the
Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE) or the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE),
therefore evidencing the emergence of quantum chaos. That is verified for a
large range of material and geometry parameters. In particular, the GUE
statistics occurs only in the case of a circular QD. It represents an anomalous
phenomenon, previously reported for just a small number of systems, since the
problem is time-reversal invariant. The obtained results are explained through
a detailed analysis of the Hamiltonian matrix structure.Comment: 14 pages, two column
Casimir force between integrable and chaotic pistons
We have computed numerically the Casimir force between two identical pistons
inside a very long cylinder, considering different shapes for the pistons. The
pistons can be considered as quantum billiards, whose spectrum determines the
vacuum force. The smooth part of the spectrum fixes the force at short
distances, and depends only on geometric quantities like the area or perimeter
of the piston. However, correcting terms to the force, coming from the
oscillating part of the spectrum which is related to the classical dynamics of
the billiard, are qualitatively different for classically integrable or chaotic
systems. We have performed a detailed numerical analysis of the corresponding
Casimir force for pistons with regular and chaotic classical dynamics. For a
family of stadium billiards, we have found that the correcting part of the
Casimir force presents a sudden change in the transition from regular to
chaotic geometries.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
Benchmarking the performance of a low-cost Magnetic Resonance Control System at multiple sites in the open MaRCoS community
Purpose: To describe the current properties and capabilities of an
open-source hardware and software package that is being developed by many sites
internationally with the aim of providing an inexpensive yet flexible platform
for low-cost MRI. Methods: This paper describes three different setups from 50
to 360 mT in different settings, all of which used the MaRCoS console for
acquiring data, and different types of software interfaces (custom-built GUI or
PulSeq overlay) to acquire the data. Results: Images are presented from both
phantoms and in vivo from healthy volunteers to demonstrate the image quality
that can be obtained from the MaRCoS hardware/software interfaced to different
low-field magnets. Conclusions: The results presented here show that a number
of different sequences commonly used in the clinic can be programmed into an
open-source system relatively quickly and easily, and can produce good quality
images even at this early stage of development. Both the hardware and software
will continue to develop, and it is an aim of this paper to encourage other
groups to join this international consortium.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, comments welcom
Dynamic stroma reorganization drives blood vessel dysmorphia during glioma growth
Glioma growth and progression are characterized by abundant development of blood vessels that are highly aberrant and poorly functional, with detrimental consequences for drug delivery efficacy. The mechanisms driving this vessel dysmorphia during tumor progression are poorly understood. Using longitudinal intravital imaging in a mouse glioma model, we identify that dynamic sprouting and functional morphogenesis of a highly branched vessel network characterize the initial tumor growth, dramatically changing to vessel expansion, leakage, and loss of branching complexity in the later stages. This vascular phenotype transition was accompanied by recruitment of predominantly pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages in the early stages, followed by in situ repolarization to M2-like macrophages, which produced VEGF-A and relocate to perivascular areas. A similar enrichment and perivascular accumulation of M2 versus M1 macrophages correlated with vessel dilation and malignancy in human glioma samples of different WHO malignancy grade. Targeting macrophages using anti-CSF1 treatment restored normal blood vessel patterning and function. Combination treatment with chemotherapy showed survival benefit, suggesting that targeting macrophages as the key driver of blood vessel dysmorphia in glioma progression presents opportunities to improve efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. We propose that vessel dysfunction is not simply a general feature of tumor vessel formation, but rather an emergent property resulting from a dynamic and functional reorganization of the tumor stroma and its angiogenic influences
Semiclassical coherent state propagator for systems with spin
We derive the semiclassical limit of the coherent state propagator for
systems with two degrees of freedom of which one degree of freedom is canonical
and the other a spin. Systems in this category include those involving
spin-orbit interactions and the Jaynes-Cummings model in which a single
electromagnetic mode interacts with many independent two-level atoms. We
construct a path integral representation for the propagator of such systems and
derive its semiclassical limit. As special cases we consider separable systems,
the limit of very large spins and the case of spin 1/2.Comment: 19 pages, no figure
Increased human defensine levels hint at an inflammatory etiology of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: An immunohistological study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human ÎČ-defensins (hBD) are antimicrobial peptides that are an integral part of bone innate immunity. Recently, it could be shown that expression of hBD-1, -2 and -3 were upregulated in cases of osteomyelitis of the jaws. In order to gain insight into the possible impairment of hBD metabolism in bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BONJ), the present exploratory study was designed so as to determine the qualitative and quantitative expression of afore mentioned hBDs in BONJ and infected osteoradionecrosis (ORN), both of which represent inflammatory bone diseases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Bone samples were collected from patients with BONJ (n = 20) and ORN (n = 20). Non-infected healthy bone samples (n = 20) were included as controls. Immunohistological staining in an autostainer was carried out by the (Strept-ABC)-method against hBD-1,-2,-3. Specific positive vs. negative cell reaction of osteocytes (labeling index) near the border of bony resection was determined and counted for quantitative analysis. Number of vital osteocytes vs. empty osteocytes lacunae was compared between groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>hBD-1,-2 and -3 could be detected in BONJ as well as ORN and healthy bone samples. Immunoreactivity against hBD-2 and -3 was significantly higher in BONJ than in ORN and healthy jaw bone samples. Number of empty osteocyte lacunae was significantly higher in ORN compared with BONJ (<it>P </it>= 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Under the condition of BONJ an increased expression of hBD-1,-2,-3 is detectable, similarly to the recently described upregulation of defensins in chronically infected jaw bones. It remains still unclear how these findings may relate to the pathoetiology of these diseases and whether this is contributing to the development of BONJ and ORN or simply an after effect of the disease.</p
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