Low Q2Q^2 proton structure function, using gluon and pseudoscalar meson clouds in the constituent quark framework

The idea of the meson cloud approach in the chiral quark model has been extended to include gluon cloud in order to achieve the parton densities in the nucleon, based on the constitute quark framework. The splitting function of the quark to the quark-meson and quark-gluon at low $Q^2$ value are used to obtain parton densities in the constituent quark. The phenomenological constituent model is employed to extract the parton distributions in the proton at low $Q^2$ value. Since we have access to the parton densities at low $Q^2$, we are able to obtain $F_{2}(x,Q^2)$ structure function at low $Q^2$ value. The result is in good agreement with available experimental data and some theoretical models. To confirm the validity of our calculations, the fraction of total momentum of proton which is carried by gluon at high $Q^2$ and also the Gottfried sum rule are computed. The results are in good agreement with what are expected.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Understanding Intention Toward Animal Welfare Between Iranian Stockperson

Although conventional livestock farming has been successful at production and cost-benefits rate however, besides these successes, modern livestock system, also, created ethical, social and environmental challenge. In other words, it is really unsuccessful at the issues of environmentally friendly production, animal health and animal welfare. In this situation, organic livestock has been introduced as an alternative for conventional livestock. Organic livestock is guided by a set of fundamental goals and ideas. Providing animal welfare can be related to some overall goals for organic. As such understanding how different actors perceive it is a precondition for the successful improvement of animal welfare. To our knowledge, no studies undertake to investigate stockmen’s intention toward animal welfare in Iran and MENA region. As such, the aim of this study is to investigate the intention of stockmen regarding importance and necessity of animal welfare at Sirjan County in Kerman province in the middle of Iran through a psychological perspective. Therefore, 100 industrial stockmen through simple random sampling were selected who, as we assume, will be the key stakeholders, and will contribute to the animal welfare in Iran. Data were analyzed using the SPSS. The results through a multiple regression revealed that attitude toward animal welfare, moral norm, control perceived behaviour and outcome expectations were predictor of stockmen’ intention toward animal welfare. The findings of this study provided preliminary data toward improvement of animal welfare between Iranian stockmen

Evaluation of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins beauvericin, enniatins, fusaproliferin and moniliformin in domestic rice in Iran

The occurrence of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENNs) (A, A1, B, B1), Fusaproliferin and moniliformin was evaluated by a liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS/MS) technique in 65 domestic rice samples produced in Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces in Iran. The results showed that 46 of the samples were contaminated with at least one of the emerging mycotoxins. BEA was the most prevalent mycotoxin, which was found in 26 out of 65 rice samples at the concentrations up to 0.47 µg/Kg. Enniatin A1 which was the only member of ENNs was detected in the samples, occurred in 7.7 of samples with an average level of 0.06 μg/Kg. No detectable level of Fusaproliferin and moniliformin was found. This is the first report concerning the contamination of Iranian domestic rice samples with the emerging Fusarium mycotoxins. © 2015 by School of Pharmac

A gene co-expression network predicts functional genes controlling the re-establishment of desiccation tolerance in germinated Arabidopsis thaliana seeds.

MAIN CONCLUSION: During re-establishment of desiccation tolerance (DT), early events promote initial protection and growth arrest, while late events promote stress adaptation and contribute to survival in the dry state. Mature seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana are desiccation tolerant, but they lose desiccation tolerance (DT) while progressing to germination. Yet, there is a small developmental window during which DT can be rescued by treatment with abscisic acid (ABA). To gain temporal resolution and identify relevant genes in this process, data from a time series of microarrays were used to build a gene co-expression network. The network has two regions, namely early response (ER) and late response (LR). Genes in the ER region are related to biological processes, such as dormancy, acquisition of DT and drought, amplification of signals, growth arrest and induction of protection mechanisms (such as LEA proteins). Genes in the LR region lead to inhibition of photosynthesis and primary metabolism, promote adaptation to stress conditions and contribute to seed longevity. Phenotyping of 12 hubs in relation to re-establishment of DT with T-DNA insertion lines indicated a significant increase in the ability to re-establish DT compared with the wild-type in the lines cbsx4, at3g53040 and at4g25580, suggesting the operation of redundant and compensatory mechanisms. Moreover, we show that re-establishment of DT by polyethylene glycol and ABA occurs through partially overlapping mechanisms. Our data confirm that co-expression network analysis is a valid approach to examine data from time series of transcriptome analysis, as it provides promising insights into biologically relevant relations that help to generate new information about the roles of certain genes for DT

Selection of Potent Non-Toxic Inhibitory Sequences from a Randomized HIV-1 Specific Lentiviral Short Hairpin RNA Library

RNA interference (RNAi) has been considered as an efficient therapeutic approach against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, to establish a durable inhibition of HIV-1, multiple effective short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) need to be stably expressed to prevent the emergence of viral escape variants. In this study, we engineered a randomized lentiviral H1-promoter driven shRNA-library against the viral genome. Potent HIV-1 specific shRNAs were selected by ganciclovir treatment of cell lines stably expressing the cDNA of Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) fused to HIV-1 nucleotide sequences. More than 50% of 200 selected shRNAs inhibited an HIV-1 based luciferase reporter assay by more than 70%. Stable expression of some of those shRNAs in an HIV-1 permissive HeLa cell line inhibited infection of wild-type HIV-1 by more than 90%. The combination of a randomized shRNA-library directed against HIV-1 with a live cell selection procedure yielded non-toxic and highly efficient HIV-1 specific inhibitory sequences that could serve as valuable candidates for gene therapy studies

Study of limnology of Abbaric river in Kerman Province

Abbarik River is an important river in Kerman. Study of limnology of Abbarik River for aquatics & culture was started from Mehr 1381 to Day 1382. Base of this study was physical- chemical and Biological factors. In this research 3 stations was appointed. PH- oxygen- salinity- Ca- Mg- Na- K- Cl and was majored and bentetic- fish was recognized. This study was achievement in 4 season and twice in month. Bentosis recognize was Ephemeroptera- Diptera- Anisoptera- Cleoptera Trichoptera Fishes recognize was Capoeta damascina- Nemachilus sargadensis- Cyprinion watsoni

Introduction of highly resistant bacteria into a hospital via patients repatriated or recently hospitalized in a foreign country

AbstractWe describe the prevalence of carriage and variables associated with introduction of highly drug-resistant microorganisms (HDRMO) into a French hospital via patients repatriated or recently hospitalized in a foreign country. The prevalence of HDRMO was 11% (15/132), with nine carbapenamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, nine carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and six glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. Half of the admitted patients (63/132, 48%) were colonized with extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLPE). Among the four episodes with secondary cases, three involved A. baumannii

A new approach to calculate the gluon polarization

We derive the Leading-Order master equation to extract the polarized gluon distribution G(x;Q^2) = x \deltag(x;Q^2) from polarized proton structure function, g1p(x;Q^2). By using a Laplace-transform technique, we solve the master equation and derive the polarized gluon distribution inside the proton. The test of accuracy which are based on our calculations with two different methods confirms that we achieve to the correct solution for the polarized gluon distribution. We show that accurate experimental knowledge of g1p(x;Q^2) in a region of Bjorken x and Q^2, is all that is needed to determine the polarized gluon distribution in that region. Therefore, to determine the gluon polarization \deltag /g,we only need to have accurate experimental data on un-polarized and polarized structure functions (F2p (x;Q^2) and g1p(x;Q^2)).Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure