Investigating the Effect of Drugs of Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin on Acanthamoeba genotype T3 Causing keratitis Isolated from Environmental samples in vitro

هذه الدراسة هي تحري عن مدى تاثير بعض الادوية على بعض انماط الاكانثاميبا الممرضة المعزولة من المياه العراقية , وذلك لان مشكلة التكيف البيئي الذي يمتاز بها هذا الكائن اضافة الى كونه مستودعا لكثير من الاحياء المجهرية الممرضة التي تحتمي في داخله هربا من المطهرات والادوية يصعب احيانا علاجها بالعلاجات التقليدية . اذ تم جمع نماذج المياه من مناطق مائية مختلفة في العراق وهي بحيرة دوكان ونهر دجلة ونهر الفرات وبحر النجف بواقع 5 نموذج من كل مصدر . وتم عزل الاكانثاميبا من نماذج المياه على اوساط NNA و PYG . استخدم المجهر المقلوب والمجهر الالكتروني لغرض تحديد معالمها المظهرية , كما استخدم تقنية  PCRوSequencing لتحديد نمطها الوراثي , انتمت العزلات الى النمط الوراثي  T3 المتسببة بالالتهابات القرنية  . بعد ذلك ,  تم علاجها في المختبر باستخدام نوعان من الادوية وهما الـ Chloramphenicol و الـ Gentamicin بثلاث تراكيز مختلفة وهي 0.1 % ,0.3  % و 0.6 % وقورنت كفائتهما التثبيطية مع بعضهما و مع السيطرة الموجبة المتمثلة بعقار الكلورهيكسيدين بتركيز  % 0.2 الموصى به في علاج التهاب القرنية الشوكميبي ,  حيث أظهرت النتائج ان كلا الدواءان لهما تأثير تثبيطي  في نمو الاكانثاميبا. , وان دواء الكلورامفينيكول له تاثير اقوى في تثبيط نمو الاكانثاميبا مقارنة بدواء الجنتاميسين وعقار الكلورهيكسيدين , و انه من الممكن عند استخدامه بتركيز معين ان يكون دواءا بديلا في علاج التهاب القرنية الشوكميبي .This study is an investigation of the drugs effect on some pathogenic Acanthamoeba isolated from Iraqi waters, where the problem of environmental adaptation that characterizes this organism in addition to being a reservoir for many pathogenic microorganisms that take shelter in it to escape disinfectants and medicines is sometimes difficult to treat it with traditional treatments.  Twenty water samples were collected from different water regions in Iraq, namely the Dokan Lake, Tigris River, Euphrates River and Najaf Sea, 5 samples from each source.  Acanthamoeba was isolated from water samples on NNA and PYG media, using an inverted microscope with an electron microscope to determine their phenotypic features. PCR and Sequencing were also used to determine their genotype. The isolates were belonged to the T3 genotype that causes corneal infections. Then two types of drugs were used to treat it, which were Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin at three different concentrations, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.6% and their inhibitory effect was compared with each other and with the positive control of the Chlorohexidine drug at a concentration of 0.2% which was recommended to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis. The results showed that both drugs have an inhibitory effect against Acanthamoeba growth, and that the chloramphenicol had more effect to inhibit compared with gentamicin and chlorhexidine, and it can be used as an alternative treatment instead of chlorohexidine for treating Acanthamoeba keratitis

A hybrid Grey Wolf optimizer with multi-population differential evolution for global optimization problems

The optimization field is the process of solving an optimization problem using an optimization algorithm. Therefore, studying this research field requires to study both of optimization problems and algorithms. In this paper, a hybrid optimization algorithm based on differential evolution (DE) and grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is proposed. The proposed algorithm which is called “MDE-GWONM” is better than the original versions in terms of the balancing between exploration and exploitation. The results of implementing MDE-GWONM over nine benchmark test functions showed the performance is superior as compared to other stat of arts optimization algorithm

Boubaker Wavelets Functions: Properties and Applications

تم في هذا البحث تقديم شرح تفصيلي لدوال متعددة حدود بوبكر المتعامدة مع بعض الخواص ذات الاهمية، كذلك استنتاج تعريف متعددات حدود بوبكر الموجية في الفترة (1, 0] وذلك بالاستفادة  من بعض الخواص المهمة لمتعددة حدود بوبكر. تمتلك هذه الدوال الاساسية خاصية العيارية المتعامدة بالإضافة الى ضرورة تواجد المنطلق المرصوص. لهذه الدوال الموجية العديد من المزايا وقد استخدمت في المجال النظري بالإضافة الى المجال العملي وتم استخدامها مع متعددات الحدود المتعامدة لغرض طرح طريقة جديدة للتعامل مع العديد من المسائل في العلوم والهندسة ولذلك تعتبر طريقة استخدام الموجبات ذات اهمية كبيرة عند الاستفادة منها في المجالات ذات العلاقة. بالإضافة الى الاستفادة من موجبات بوبكر للحصول على خاصية جديدة  وهي مشتقات دالة بوبكر الموجية. استخدمت موجية بوبكر مع طريقة الترصيف للحصول على حل عددي تقريبي لمعادلات لان ايمدن من النوع الخطي المنفرد. تصف معادلات لان ايمدن العديد من الظواهر المهمة في علم الرياضيات والفيزياء السماوي مثل الانفجارات الحرارية الكونية وتكوين النجوم. وتعتبر احدى حالات مسائل القيمة الابتدائية المنفردة للمعادلات التفاضلية اللاخطية من الرتبة الثانية. تقوم هذه الطريقة المقترحة بتحويل معادلة لان ايمدن الى نظام من المعادلات التفاضلية الخطية والتي يمكن حلها بسهولة باستخدام الحاسبة. بناءً على هذا فقد ظهر تطابق الحل العددي مع الحل التحليلي بالرغم من استخدام عدد قليل من متعددات حدود بوبكر الموجية لغرض ايجاد هذا الحل. كذلك، تم في هذا البحث البرهنة على قيمه قيد الخطأ المستخرج من هذه الطريقة. وتضمن هذا البحث على ثلاث امثلة عددية من نوع معادلات لان ايمدن لتوضيح قابلية استخدام الطريقة المقترحة. تم توضيح النتائج الحقيقة مع النتائج التقريبية في شكل جداول ورسوم هندسية لغرض المقارنة.This paper is concerned with introducing an explicit expression for orthogonal Boubaker polynomial functions with some important properties. Taking advantage of the interesting properties of Boubaker polynomials, the definition of Boubaker wavelets on interval [0,1) is achieved. These basic functions are orthonormal and have compact support. Wavelets have many advantages and applications in the theoretical and applied fields, and they are applied with the orthogonal polynomials to propose a new method for treating several problems in sciences, and engineering that is wavelet method, which is computationally more attractive in the various fields. A novel property of Boubaker wavelet function derivative in terms of Boubaker wavelet themselves is also obtained. This Boubaker wavelet is utilized along with a collocation method to obtain an approximate numerical solution of singular linear type of Lane-Emden equations. Lane-Emden equations describe several important phenomena in mathematical science and astrophysics such as thermal explosions and stellar structure. It is one of the cases of singular initial value problem in the form of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The suggested method converts Lane-Emden equation into a system of linear differential equations, which can be performed easily on computer. Consequently, the numerical solution concurs with the exact solution even with a small number of Boubaker wavelets used in estimation. An estimation of error bound for the present method is also proved in this work. Three examples of Lane-Emden type equations are included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The exact known solutions against the obtained approximate results are illustrated in figures for compariso

Novel Framework for Hidden Data in the Image Page within Executable File Using Computation between Advanced Encryption Standard and Distortion Techniques

The hurried development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information. In additional, digital document is also easy to copy and distribute, therefore it may face many threats. It became necessary to find an appropriate protection due to the significance, accuracy and sensitivity of the information. Furthermore, there is no formal method to be followed to discover a hidden data. In this paper, a new information hiding framework is presented.The proposed framework aim is implementation of framework computation between advance encryption standard (AES) and distortion technique (DT) which embeds information in image page within executable file (EXE file) to find a secure solution to cover file without change the size of cover file. The framework includes two main functions; first is the hiding of the information in the image page of EXE file, through the execution of four process (specify the cover file, specify the information file, encryption of the information, and hiding the information) and the second function is the extraction of the hiding information through three process (specify the stego file, extract the information, and decryption of the information).Comment: 6 Pages IEEE Format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, Impact Factor 0.42

Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes

Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) results in significant morbidity and mortality for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). It is the endpoint of a spectrum of progressive insulin deficiency with resulting abnormalities of glucose tolerance. The consequence of glycaemic abnormalities in CF is poorer nutritional status, an increase in respiratory exacerbations with decline in lung function and ultimately greater morbidity and mortality. CFRD can be diagnosed by the standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) usually performed from 10 years of age. However, this may miss early glycaemic abnormalities which appear to be clinically important. Early recognition of CFRD and treatment have been shown to improve outcomes in CF. Novel diagnostic methods such as 30-min sampled OGTT and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may prove to be useful in screening for this disorder and in the early identification of glycaemic abnormalities

Environmental Factor and their Impact on the Abundance of Aquatic Plants in Iraq

Aquatic plants form important gatherings because they play an Important role in supporting healthy environmental systems and various human activities. As well as its geomorphological role in the formation of riverine landforms such as ridges and river Islands. The abundance and distribution of aquatic plants in different ecosystems depends on the environmental conditions, whether biotic or abiotic. In addition to the growth and diversity of different plants and also the dominance of one species in an area or the joint growth of several species, the emergence of species in a particular location is due to the different regional and local conditions of that system or location. The most influential factors in the growth and variation of plant species and their distribution in different aquatic systems are water movement, nutrients and the bottom of that system. Also, other physical factors such as light, temperature, and chemical factors such as salinity, dissolved gases, and pH which have independent or overlapping effects on the distribution, diversity, and production of plants

Prevalence of periapical lesions in non-endodontically and endodontically treated teeth in an urban Iraqi adult subpopulation : a retrospective CBCT analysis

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and its association with the presence/quality of root canal filling (RCF) and coronal restoration (CR) in Iraqi population. A total of 385 CBCT scans of patients (18-45) yrs. old wit