Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Formula Insektisida Nabati Untuk Melindungi Buah Kakao Dari Serangan Penggerek

Penggunaan insektisida sintetik yang terus menerus untuk mengendalikan penggerek buah kakao (PBK) dapat merusak keseimbangan ekosistem di perkebunan kakao. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan cara pengendalian yang relatif aman bagi manusia dan lingkungan, yaitu menggunakan insektisida nabati. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji keefektifan formula insektisida nabati berbahan dasar ekstrak daun bandotan-metanol, bawang putih-etanol, dan kemiri sunan untuk melindungi buah kakao dari infestasi PBK. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari-Desember 2013. Bahan uji yang digunakan adalah bandotan-metanol+serai wangi (BMS), bandotan-metanol+minyak cengkeh (BMC), bandotan-metanol+bawang putih-etanol (BMP), bawang putih-etanol+serai wangi (PES), bawang putih-etanol+minyak cengkeh (PEC), kemiri sunan+bawang putih-etanol (KSP), kemiri sunan+bandotan-metanol (KSB), α-eleostearic acid (kontrol negatif), dan air (kontrol positif). Formula dibuat di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) Sukabumi, dan pengujiannya dilakukan di perkebunan kakao PT. Bumiloka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Perlakuan disusun dalam unit-unit percobaan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 16 pohon (4 x 4 pohon) dan diulang tiga kali. Pada setiap plot dipilih 30 buah kakao sehat berukuran 6-10 cm. Konsentrasi formula 5% dan 10% dengan volume larutan 250 ml/pohon disemprotkan ke seluruh permukaan buah dan cabang-cabang horizontal, dengan interval 2 minggu sekali sebanyak 6 kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tingkat serangan PBK dan kerusakan buah yang dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula KSB (kemiri sunan 25% + bandotan 5%) pada konsentrasi 10 ml/l menghasilkan nilai persentase serangan PBK terendah, sedangkan formula BMP (bandotan 5% + bawang putih 5%) pada konsentrasi 10 ml/l menyebabkan intensitas serangan PBK dan kehilangan hasil terendah.Kata kunci: Insektisida nabati, penggerek buah kakao, formulaThe use of synthetic insecticide continuously to control the cocoa pod borer (CPB) can cause serious damage to the ecosystem balance in the cocoa plantations. Therefore, a control measures that are relatively safe for humans and the environment, such as the use of botanical insecticide are needed. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of plant-based insecticide from leaves goat weed-methanol and garlic-ethanol extract, and phillipine tung oil formula to protect cocoa pods from CPB infestation. The study was conducted from January to December 2013. The test materials used were goat weed-methanol+citronella (BMS), goat weed-methanol+clove oil (BMC), goat weed-methanol+garlic-ethanol (BMP), garlic-ethanol+citronella (PES), garlic-ethanol+clove oil (PEC), phillipine tung oil+garlic-ethanol (KSP), phillipine tung oil+goat weed-methanol (KSB), α-eleostearic acid (negative control), and water (positive control). All of the formulas were made in the Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi, whereas the field testing was conducted in cocoa plantations of PT Bumiloka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Each experimental plot consisted of a 4x4 trees, repeated 3 times. In each plot selected 30 healthy cocoa pods measuring 6-10 cm in length. Distance between plots was 2 arrays of trees. Formulas concentration were 5% and 10%, which then sprayed onto the entire surface of the pods and horizontal branches using a knapsack sprayer, 6 times at intervals of 2 weeks. Solution volume was 250 ml / tree. Observations were made on the level of CPB infestation and pod damage harvested. The results showed that the lowest percentage of CPB infestation was on KSB 10 (philippine tung oil 25% + goat weed 5%), whereas the lowest percentage of intensity and yields loss were on BMP 10 (goat weed 5% + garlic 5%)

Peranan Ekstrak Babadotan dan Bawang Putih Serta Minyak Kemiri Sunan terhadap Serangan Penggerek Buah Kakao

Penggerek buah kakao (PBK), Conopomorpha cramerella Snell. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), merupakan hama penting pada tanaman kakao yang menyebabkan penurunan hasil secara kualitas dan kuantitas. Salah satu USAha pengendalian PBK adalah menggunakan pestisida nabati karena bersifat ramah lingkungan dan tidak membahayakan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh daun babadotan dan umbi bawang putih yang dilarutkan dengan air, etanol, metanol, dan heksan, serta minyak kemiri sunan [Reutalis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] dalam melindungi buah kakao dari serangan PBK. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari-Desember 2012, bahan uji yang digunakan adalah babadotan-air (BA), babadotan-etanol (BE), babadotan-metanol (BM), babadotan-heksan (BH), bawang putih-air (PA), bawang putih-etanol (PE), bawang putih-metanol (PM), bawang putih-heksan (PH), minyak kemiri sunan (KS), pestisida kimia berbahan aktif λ-sihalotrin (kontrol negatif), dan air (kontrol positif). Pembuatan ekstrak bahan uji dilakukan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Sukabumi, dan pengujian ekstrak dilakukan di perkebunan kakao PT Bumi Loka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Buah kakao berukuran sekitar 9 cm disemprot secara merata dengan masing-masing bahan uji telah dilarutkan dengan air hingga konsentrasi 1%. Penyemprotan dilakukan setiap bulan sebanyak 2 kali penyemprotan. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 6 ulangan, setiap petak percobaan digunakan 10 buah kakao. Persentase buah yang terserang PBK dan tingkat kehilangan hasil diamati saat buah dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyemprotan ekstrak PE konsentrasi 1% sebanyak dua kali dengan interval sebulan sekali dapat menurunkan kehilangan hasil sebesar 58,40% dengan nilai efikasi 63,01%. Dengan demikian ekstrak ini dapat dipakai sebagai salah satu bahan formula nabati untuk mengendalikan PBK.Kata Kunci: Pestisida nabati, penggerek buah kakao, bawang putih, babadotan, kemiri sunanCocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella Snell. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is an important pest of cocoa which can cause reduction in yield quality and quantity. One attempt of CPB control is application of botanical pesticides because it more friendly to environment and harmless to human health. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of goat-weed leaves and garlic bulbs dissolved in water, ethanol, methanol, and hexane, respectively, as well as philippine tung [Reutalis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] oil in protecting of cocoa pod from CPB infestation. The research was conducted in January-December 2012 using test materials of goat weed-water (BA), goat weed-ethanol (BE), goat weed-methanol (BM), goat weed-hexane (BH), garlic-water (PA), garlic-ethanol (PE), garlic-methanol (PM), garlic-hexane (PH), philippine tung oil (KS), chemical pesticide containing active ingredient of λ-sihalothrine (negative control), and water (positive control). Extracts of the test materials were made in the Laboratory Plant Protection, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute. Meanwhile, field trial was conducted in the cocoa plantations of PT Bumi Loka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Cocoa pods measuring 9 cm was sprayed evenly with each of the test materials diluted in water to obtain a concentration of 1%. Spraying is done every month as much as 2 times spraying. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with 6 replications, and each plots consist of 10 cocoa pods observed. The percentage of CPB-infested pods and yield loss rate observed when the pods were harvested. The results showed that spraying in concentration 1% of PE extract twice with an interval of once a month can reduce yield loss up to 58,40% with a value efficacy of 63.01%. Thus, this extract can be used as an ingredient of botanical pesticide formula to control CPB

The effects of different focus of attention on throwing skills among autistic spectrum disorder children

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of external focus (EF) of attention compared to internal focus (IF) of attention instructions on throwing boules in a modified-petanque game among the ASD children. Ten ASD children aged from seven to 10 participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups (i.e., EF and IF). The EFgroup were instructed to throw the boules so that it moved in a parabolic trajectory as if they were “creating a rainbow” while the IFgroup were instructedto throw according to conventional techniques, concentrating on the mechanics of the throwing arm during a two week intervention. Repeated Measures ANOVA between groups and tests (pre and post) measuring the accuracy of the throws showedthe EF group performed significantly better compared to the IF group in the post test. Simplified yet effective instructions could elicit effective learning among ASD children.Keywords: Focus of attention; Autistic Spectrum Disorder; Petanque; Childre

Peningkatan Aktivitas Belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dengan Pendekatan Inkuiri pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV SD

The title of this Research is the increase in the Natural Sciences Learning Activities Inquiry Approach In The Fourth Grade Students of SDN 16 mamal Bonti. Research aims to improve learners' learning activity in learning science through inquiry approach with the help of the media surrounding natural environment. Methods and betuk used is descriptive research TOD form. Research subjects are 9 people learners class IV consists of 3 men and 6 women who have difficulty learning science. The results of data analysis showed that after being given the inquiry approach to learning with students who were not initially active at a time when learning to be an active and individual learners also scored above the standard KKM (> 60), through an inquiry approach to learning will be able to grow in positive attitudes among students science learning as habits of cooperation, attitude sting work, each issued and opinion among fellow students, dared to be independent, and thoughtful, and learners are able to take advantage of any kind of plant to meet the needs in their daily lives as both drugs and other needs as well as possible

AHP based decision-making in concept selection of keyless grill locking system

Selection of appropriate unique keyless grill locking system concept which complies with customer and technical requirements is one of the complicated decision making problem. In order to solve this problem, an idea selection based on the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is developed. This technique breaks down the multi-criteria into several levels and computes them using pairwise comparison matrices. The concepts of unique keyless grill locking system were evaluated using four main criteria: cost, quality, performance, and manufacturability. The results of the study indicate that the optimum concept is selected based on the highest score achieved from the overall ranking of each alternative concept

AHP based decision-making in concept selection of keyless grill locking system

Selection of appropriate unique keyless grill locking system concept which complies with customer and technical requirements is one of the complicated decision making problem. In order to solve this problem, an idea selection based on the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is developed. This technique breaks down the multi-criteria into several levels and computes them using pairwise comparison matrices. The concepts of unique keyless grill locking system were evaluated using four main criteria: cost, quality, performance, and manufacturability. The results of the study indicate that the optimum concept is selected based on the highest score achieved from the overall ranking of each alternative concept

Identifikasi Fasad Arsitektur Tropis pada Gedung-gedung Perkantoran Jakarta (Studi Kasus pada Koridor Dukuh Atas-semanggi)

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi kondisi Jalan Jenderal Sudirman di Jakarta yang merupakan jalan protokol dan menjadi salah satu landmark ibukota Republik Indonesia. Jalan Jenderal Sudirman adalah jalan protokol yang terkenal banyak menjadi tempat berdirinya gedung-gedung tinggi, sehingga dapat dikatakan menjadi brandimage jika ingin mengetahui perkembangan konsep dan desain gedung tinggi di Indonesia.Tampilan bentuk gedung tinggi di kawasan ini yang sangat variatif menjadisalah satu alasan kenapa topik ini diangkat menjadi topik penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi elemen-elemen arsitektur tropis pada fasad gedunggedung perkantoran jalan Jenderal Sudirman yang rata-rata memiliki tipikal fasad minimalis , studi kasus pada Koridor Dukuh Atas-Semanggi. Metoda Penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metoda kualitatif diskriptif yang dalam pelaksanaannya diawali dengan kegiatan survei lapangan atau pengamatan/ observasi dan didukung dengan studi literatur. Sedangkan obyek penelitian adalah fasad pada gedung-gedung kantor sepanjang jalan Jendral Sudirman terbatas pada koridor Dukuh Atas-Semanggi dengan menjabarkan fasad secara umum, dan fasad secara khusus dengan mengambil satu unit gedung dengan kriteria tertentu sebagaisample penelitian. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa tampilan fasad gedunggedung cenderung memakai fasad minimalis tanpa ada variasi kecuali sedikit untuk menyesuaikan dengan konsep fasad minimalis yang berada di wilayah iklim tropis