Collection of information about sturgeon fish processing and processed products

Sturgeon is one of the most important fish. The important of these fish is related to the it’s caviar and meat. Addition of caviar and meat, other products which are produced from the other part of the fish like head, viscera, skin are also important. The remaining residue and waste processing sturgeon has been about 50 percent value-added capabilities into side products such as skin leather, glue the swim bladder, internal organs and the sauce ,as well as the production of medical products such as oil, protein, vitamins and health products such as cartilage capsules in cosmetic creams caviar pulp is , examples of these products are produced in other countries and industries for Sale Collection data from the processing view from the sturgeon fishes in this report has been tried and amount of data also collected, this report has been tried and good information’s also collected. This report is in privilege of national fish processing center a branch of fishery research institute of Iran, the data contains as ,Sturgeon fish meat processing, Sturgeon fish by-products, Sturgeon caviar processing

Computational pharmacology and computational chemistry of 4-hydroxyisoleucine: Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and DFT-based approaches

Computational pharmacology and chemistry of drug-like properties along with pharmacokinetic studies have made it more amenable to decide or predict a potential drug candidate. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine is a pharmacologically active natural product with prominent antidiabetic properties. In this study, ADMETLab 2.0 was used to determine its important drug-related properties. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine is compliant with important drug-like physicochemical properties and pharma giants’ drug-ability rules like Lipinski’s, Pfizer, and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) rules. Pharmacokinetically, it has been predicted to have satisfactory cell permeability. Blood–brain barrier permeation may add central nervous system (CNS) effects, while a very slight probability of being CYP2C9 substrate exists. None of the well-known toxicities were predicted in silico, being congruent with wet lab results, except for a “very slight risk” for respiratory toxicity predicted. The molecule is non ecotoxic as analyzed with common indicators such as bioconcentration and LC50 for fathead minnow and daphnia magna. The toxicity parameters identified 4-hydroxyisoleucine as non-toxic to androgen receptors, PPAR-γ, mitochondrial membrane receptor, heat shock element, and p53. However, out of seven parameters, not even a single toxicophore was found. The density functional theory (DFT) study provided support to the findings obtained from drug-like property predictions. Hence, it is a very logical approach to proceed further with a detailed pharmacokinetics and drug development process for 4-hydroxyisoleucine

Study on optimum exploitation of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

The increasing demands of the growing populations can be met by developing aquaculture. However in order to provide suitable grounds for consumption which is acceptable to different conditions and tastes, apart from producing a variety of products we also need to improve the methods of marketing and consumption. The silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) comprises about 50 to 85% of the composition of fish species in the polyculture of warm water species in Iran. However the difficulty in pretreatment of this species and the presence of pin bones are among the main reasons to restrict the demand of this species in the domestic markets, particularly in non-coastal provinces. In this project different aspects of silver carp processing studied as follow: 1. Use of fish fillet residuals in preparation of snack, cheese and ice cream 2. Use of fish meat in sausage and fish ball produce 3. Use of machinery to produce of without or low bones fillet and trimmed fillets. Fish sausages were studied in four experimental groups; Based on the results obtained it was evident that sausages in the experimental Group 1 (65% minced fish & 12 % soy bean oil) showed better taste and flavor as compared to those in the other groups. Fish ball were prepared using starch from four different sources (wheat, corn, potato and tapioca). Thirty different trials were tested by adding each starch source either individually or by mixing equal proportions of two sources of starch at a rate of 5, 10 and 15% to 80% ground meat of silver carp. Among trials containing two sources of starch, mixed trials with potato and wheat (5% potato + 5% wheat) were rated higher in organoleptic tests as compared to the other trials. Fifteen formulas were worked for preparing of fish cheese. The quality assessment of product showed that fish cheese in zero and 30 days after storage in 4֯ C were good and medium, respectively. Quantity enrichment of corn snack with FPC until 33% in fish snack preparation, have a best results among with other experiments. Fish ice cream made from fish protein concentrate type a that produced from silver carp in three steps by the extraction with isopropyl alcohol solvent and heat. The result showed that FPC replaced with 30%milk in ice cream formula has a best quality score. On the basis of recent findings, the deep part and a upper part on the back of the fish, like a relatively narrow band, are considered as boneless parts in silver carp. The aims of trimming project introduce best type of fillet trimming and machine for Silver Carp fillet. The results show percentage of waste in trimming by machinery line processing was less than handing, and fillet trimming speed by hand was most than machinery .Also final results of this study show machinery method or complex of handing and machinery for Silver carp fillet trimming are the best .speed rate in pine bone removing from silver carp fillet in handy method with using of transparent table and machinery method were 30-40 min per fish and 15 second per fish, respectively. Removing efficiency of bones from fillets in handy and machinery method were 50-60 and 90 %, respectively

Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues

Characterization of the molecular function of the human genome and its variation across individuals is essential for identifying the cellular mechanisms that underlie human genetic traits and diseases. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project aims to characterize variation in gene expression levels across individuals and diverse tissues of the human body, many of which are not easily accessible. Here we describe genetic effects on gene expression levels across 44 human tissues. We find that local genetic variation affects gene expression levels for the majority of genes, and we further identify inter-chromosomal genetic effects for 93 genes and 112 loci. On the basis of the identified genetic effects, we characterize patterns of tissue specificity, compare local and distal effects, and evaluate the functional properties of the genetic effects. We also demonstrate that multi-tissue, multi-individual data can be used to identify genes and pathways affected by human disease-associated variation, enabling a mechanistic interpretation of gene regulation and the genetic basis of diseas

The Impact of eHealth on the Quality and Safety of Health Care: A Systematic Overview

Aziz Sheikh and colleagues report the findings of their systematic overview that assessed the impact of eHealth solutions on the quality and safety of health care

Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues

Characterization of the molecular function of the human genome and its variation across individuals is essential for identifying the cellular mechanisms that underlie human genetic traits and diseases. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project aims to characterize variation in gene expression levels across individuals and diverse tissues of the human body, many of which are not easily accessible. Here we describe genetic effects on gene expression levels across 44 human tissues. We find that local genetic variation affects gene expression levels for the majority of genes, and we further identify inter-chromosomal genetic effects for 93 genes and 112 loci. On the basis of the identified genetic effects, we characterize patterns of tissue specificity, compare local and distal effects, and evaluate the functional properties of the genetic effects. We also demonstrate that multi-tissue, multi-individual data can be used to identify genes and pathways affected by human disease-associated variation, enabling a mechanistic interpretation of gene regulation and the genetic basis of disease

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Sensory Disability in Cerebral Stroke Patients

Introduction: Clinical findings affecting disability in stroke patients are important as presence of these factors determines the prognosis and future course of these patients. Methods: Consecutive stroke patients admitted at Ghaem hospital, Mashhad were enrolled in this prospective study in 2008. Hemihyposthesia, hemianesthesia, hemineglect and homonymous hemianopsia was evaluated in these patients. Disability score was based on the Modified Ranking Disability Score (MRDS), 72 hours post stroke. Mean of MRDS was analyzed by T test and Fisher tests and p<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 329 stroke patients were investigated. Hemihyposthesia, hemianesthesia, hemineglect and homonymous hemianopsia was found in 37.4%, 13.8%, 7.9% and 7.3% of the patients, respectively. MRDS was significantly higher in patients with hemianesthesia as compared to other stroke patients, (p<0.001). MRDS of patients with hemihypoestheisa, hemineglect and homonyous hemianopsia was not significantly different than patients without these abnormalities (p=0.44, p=023 and p=0.83). Patients with triad of hemianesthesia, hemineglect and homonymous hemianopsia had significantly higher MRDS than others (p<0.001). Conclusion: Hemianesthesia is a clinical factor affecting sensory disability in cerebral stroke patients. Presence of the above triad could increase MRDS in these patients