Structural relaxation of polydisperse hard spheres: comparison of the mode-coupling theory to a Langevin dynamics simulation

We analyze the slow, glassy structural relaxation as measured through collective and tagged-particle density correlation functions obtained from Brownian dynamics simulations for a polydisperse system of quasi-hard spheres in the framework of the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition (MCT). Asymptotic analyses show good agreement for the collective dynamics when polydispersity effects are taken into account in a multi-component calculation, but qualitative disagreement at small $q$ when the system is treated as effectively monodisperse. The origin of the different small-$q$ behaviour is attributed to the interplay between interdiffusion processes and structural relaxation. Numerical solutions of the MCT equations are obtained taking properly binned partial static structure factors from the simulations as input. Accounting for a shift in the critical density, the collective density correlation functions are well described by the theory at all densities investigated in the simulations, with quantitative agreement best around the maxima of the static structure factor, and worst around its minima. A parameter-free comparison of the tagged-particle dynamics however reveals large quantiative errors for small wave numbers that are connected to the well-known decoupling of self-diffusion from structural relaxation and to dynamical heterogeneities. While deviations from MCT behaviour are clearly seen in the tagged-particle quantities for densities close to and on the liquid side of the MCT glass transition, no such deviations are seen in the collective dynamics.Comment: 23 pages, 26 figure

Modificaciones de las fases y de las resistencias mecánicas del clínker según el tipo de templado desde altas temperaturas

The effect of quenching in the stability of the phases of different commercial clinkers and so its flexotraction and compression strength at 7 and 28 days curing time have been studied. The clinkers were reheated at 1.576 ºC, for a period of thirty minutes, and were quenched in two different ways:-outside at air temperature and water submersion. The samples were studied by the techniques: XRD, optical microscopy and dispersive X-ray analysis. All the water quenched clinker had always a trigonal structured alite, which has Mg and Al is solid solution. The air quenched clinkers had a monoclinic alite. The flexotraction and compression strength at 7 and 28 days of the water quenched clinkers were always lower to those of the air quenched ones. This is due to that the trigonal structured alita hydrates with much more difficulty than the monoclinic alite.Ha sido estudiado el efecto del templado en la estabilidad de las fases de diferentes clínkeres comerciales y los resultados de sus resistencias a flexotracción y compresión a los 7 y 28 días. El clínker fue recalentado a 1.576 ºC durante treinta minutos y templado al aire y por inmersión en agua. Las muestras se estudiaron por las siguientes técnicas: D.R.X. Microscopía y por análisis dispersivo de rayos X. El clínker templado al agua tiene alita de estructura trigonal con Mg y Al en disolución sólida. Los clínkeres templados al aire tienen alita monoclínica. Las resistencias de flexotracción y compresión a 7 y 28 días de los clínkeres templados al agua fueron siempre más bajas que las de los clínkeres templados al aire. Esto demuestra que la alita trigonal se hidrata más lentamente que la monoclínica

Trace elements based classification on clinkers. Application to Spanish clinkers

[EN]The qualitative identification to determine the origin (i.e. manufacturing factory) of Spanish clinkers is described. The classification of clinkers produced in different factories can be based on their trace element content. Approximately fifteen clinker sorts are analysed, collected from 11 Spanish cement factories to determine their Mg, Sr, Ba, Mn, Ti, Zr, Zn and V content. An expert system formulated by a binary decision tree is designed based on the collected data. The performance of the obtained classifier was measured by ten-fold cross validation. The results show that the proposed method is useful to identijy an easy-to-use expert system that is able to determine the origin of the clinker based on its trace element content.[ES]En el presente trabajo se describe el procedimiento de identificación cualitativa de clínkeres españoles con el objeto de determinar su origen (fábrica). Esa clasificación de los clínkeres se basa en el contenido de sus elementos traza. Se analizaron 15 clínkeres diferentes procedentes de 11 fábricas de cemento españolas, determinándose los contenidos en Mg, Sr, Ba, Mn, Ti, Zr, Zn y V. Se ha diseñado un sistema experto mediante un árbol de decisión binario basado en los datos recogidos. La clasificación obtenida fue examinada mediante la validación cruzada de 10 valores. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el modelo propuesto es válido para identificar, de manera fácil, un sistema experto capaz de determinar el origen de un clínker basándose en el contenido de sus elementos traza.Peer reviewe

Transfinite order dimension

We give two different transfinite extensions of the covering dimension based on the Borst's order of certain families of boundaries of basic open sets. We compare them and we study their main properties

Caracterización de nitratos alcalinos y alcalinoterreos por espectroscopia vibracional Characterization of alkali-metal and alkaline-earth nitrates by vibrational spectroscopy

[EN] Infrared spectra of sodium and potassium alkaline-metal nitrates and magnesium and calcium alkali-earth nitrates in solid phase had been recorded in order to assign the fundamental bands. The influence of the dispersal médium (alkaline halide), employed in the solid sample preparation have been discussed. The quantitative measurements of the band in ten sities at 1.387 cm~^ (present in the I.R. spectra of the four nitrates in KBr médium) allowed us to determine the Lambert-Beer law slopes for each compound. These valúes are differents (bearing in mind experimental random errors), so we have could to affirm the nonexistence of solid solution between the nitrate and the alkaline halide médium. The L-B law obtained by us can be used for the Identification differentiation and quantitative analysis of these nitrates in solid phase, even if they are present in a very low concentration.[ES] Se ha realizado la asignación de los espectros infrarrojo (IR) de los nitratos alcalinos, sódico y potásico, y de los alcalinoterreos, magnésico y calcico, en estado sólido. Se ha visto la influencia del medio dispersante (haluro alcalino), utilizado en la preparación de la muestra sólida. El estudio cuantitativo de la absorbancia de la banda a 1.387 cm~^ (presente en los espectros IR de los cuatro nitratos en medio KBr) permite determinar las pendientes de la Ley de Lambert-Beer Se comprueba que dichas pendientes son diferentes lo que conduce a poder afirmar que no se produce disolución sólida entre el KBr y el nitrato alcalino o alcalinotérreo. La determinación de la ley de Lambert-Beer permite la identificación y el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo por espectroscopia IR de estos nitratos cuando están presentes en bajas concentraciones en muestras sólidas.Peer reviewe

Die ältesten schriftlichen Belege für den Gott Seth

The present paper addresses the alkali activation of Portland cements containing blast furnace slag (20 and 30% of the cement by weight) with a view to the possible use of these materials in oil well construction. The hydration studies conducted showed that in cement/slag blends, the sodium silicate activating solution partially inhibited the dissolution of the silicate phases in the Portland cement, retarding cement hydration and reducing the precipitation of reaction products. Due to such partial inhibition, the cement/slag blends had significantly lower mechanical strength than Portland cements hydrated with water. 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR and BSE/EDX studies, in turn, showed that the C-S-H gel forming in the alkali-activated cement/slag pastes contained Al in tetrahedral positions and low Ca/Si ratios.En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado la activación alcalina de cementos Pórtland con incorporación de escoria de horno alto (20% y 30% con respecto al peso de cemento) para su posible aplicación en la construcción de pozos petrolíferos. Los estudios de hidratación realizados indican que en mezclas cemento/escoria, la disolución activadora de silicato sódico inhibe parcialmente la disolución de las fases silicato del cemento Pórtland originando un retraso de su hidratación así como la menor precipitación de productos de reacción. Dicha parcial inhibición de los procesos reactivos en las mezclas cemento/escoria originan resistencias mecánicas significativamente inferiores a las pastas de cemento Portland hidratadas con agua. Finalmente, los estudios de 29Si y 27Al RMN MAS y BSE/EDX indican que el gel C-S-H formado en pastas de mezcla cemento/escoria activadas alcalinamente presenta Al en posiciones tetraédricas y bajas relaciones Ca/Si

Aperture-free star formation rate of SDSS star-forming galaxies

Large area surveys with a high number of galaxies observed have undoubtedly marked a milestone in the understanding of several properties of galaxies, such as star-formation history, morphology, and metallicity. However, in many cases, these surveys provide fluxes from fixed small apertures (e.g. fibre), which cover a scant fraction of the galaxy, compelling us to use aperture corrections to study the global properties of galaxies. In this work, we derive the current total star formation rate (SFR) of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) star-forming galaxies, using an empirically based aperture correction of the measured $\rm H\alpha$ flux for the first time, thus minimising the uncertainties associated with reduced apertures. All the $\rm H\alpha$ fluxes have been extinction-corrected using the $\rm H\alpha/H\beta$ ratio free from aperture effects. The total SFR for $\sim$210,000 SDSS star-forming galaxies has been derived applying pure empirical $\rm H\alpha$ and $\rm H\alpha/H\beta$ aperture corrections based on the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. We find that, on average, the aperture-corrected SFR is $\sim$0.65dex higher than the SDSS fibre-based SFR. The relation between the SFR and stellar mass for SDSS star-forming galaxies (SFR--$\rm M_\star$) has been obtained, together with its dependence on extinction and $\rm H\alpha$ equivalent width. We compare our results with those obtained in previous works and examine the behaviour of the derived SFR in six redshift bins, over the redshift range $\rm 0.005 \leq z\leq 0.22$. The SFR--$\rm M_\star$ sequence derived here is in agreement with selected observational studies based on integral field spectroscopy of individual galaxies as well as with the predictions of recent theoretical models of disc galaxies

Modeling of the general circulation with the LMD-AOPP-IAA GCM: Update on model design and comparison with observations

The LMD-AOPP GCM is developed conjointly by LMD in Paris and AOPP in Oxford, with the collaboration of IAA in Granada for the physical processes specific to the upper atmosphere. The collaboration between the two teams is based on the use of two different dynamical core (gridpoint at LMD, spectral at AOPP), which allow us to estimate the likely uncertainty arising from certain types of modeling errors. Similarly, we use different schemes to compute tracer transport, etc. The work has benefited from support from ESA (since 1995) and CNES (since 2000). Within that context, the GCMs are used to produce a Martian climate 'database' which is used by more than 30 teams around the world for mission design and scientific studies (see Bingham et al., this issue and Lewis et al., 1999). The baseline version of the GCM is described in detail in Forget et al. (1999). Here we describe the recent improvement and design changes since this publication. Compared to this previous version, the new GCM covers a wider range of altitude, from 0 to 120km in the vertical, it uses improved topography and thermal inertia surface maps from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), and includes a new 'dust scenario' to describe the distribution of airborne dust in the atmosphere

About the trigemino-cardiac reflex, their association with sleep bruxism and the reason why clinicians treating Sb should consider a careful examination in order to decide properly how to adequately follow these patients

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.Although well established as a neurogenic reflex pursuing a cardiovascular protective control in physiological conditions, trigemino-cardiac reflex (TCR) mechanisms and its clinical significance remains unclear This powerful brainstem oxygen-conserving autonomic reflex usually manifests as sudden onset of hemodynamic changes on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) and has been associated to arrhytmias, asystole, apnea and disturbed gastric mobility. The automatic response can be activated by mechanical or chemical stimulation at any point in the course of the trigeminal nerve and their branches and usually gets abolished after the removal of the inciting stimulus. Sometimes however persistence of TCR can result in exaggerated response which may have fatal consequences, particularly in pediatric age and in elderly.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Utilización de áridos procedentes de residuos de construcción y demolición en morteros activados alcalinamente

This study explores the technological feasibility of using construction and demolition waste (C&DW) as recycled aggregate in alkali activated mortars, ascertaining the mechanical and microstructural behavior. Shrinkage behavior of alkali activated slag mortars (AAS) and fire resistance of alkali activated fly ash (AAFA) incorporating recycled aggregates have been also tested Normalized siliceous sand and two types of recycled concrete aggregates were used in the mixes at different proportions. The findings showed that water demand was higher in mortars prepared with recycled aggregate. Partial replacement (20% - 80/20) of conventional aggregate with the recycled material was also observed to yield mortars with high mechanical strength, although total porosity also rose. Total replaclement, gave worse mechanical performance however. Fire resistance and shrinkage studies conducted indicated that alkaline cement mortars prepared with 80/20 recycled aggregated exhibit acceptable performance.Este estudio explora la viabilidad tecnológica del uso de residuos de construcción y demolición (C & DW) como árido reciclado en morteros activados alcalinamente, determinando el comportamiento mecánico y microestructural. Asimismo, se determinó la retracción sufrida por morteros de escoria activados alcalinamente (AAS) y la resistencia al fuego de morteros de cenizas volantes activadas alcalinamente (AAFA) con incorporación de estos áridos reciclado. Se utilizó arena silícea normalizada y dos tipos de áridos de hormigón reciclado en diferentes proporciones. Los resultados mostraron que la demanda de agua era más alta en los morteros preparados con árido reciclado. También se observó que el reemplazo parcial con un 20% (80/20) del árido convencional con el material reciclado producía morteros con alta resistencia mecánica, aunque la porosidad total también aumentaba. El reemplazo total, sin embargo, dio peor rendimiento mecánico. Los estudios de resistencia al fuego y retracción realizados, indicaron que los morteros de cementos activados alcalinamente preparados con áridos reciclados en proporción 80/20 presentan un rendimiento aceptable