2D Encoding Convolution Neural Network Algorithm for Brain Tumour Prediction

In contemporary times, biomedical imaging plays a pivotal role in addressing various patient-related concerns.  Brain imaging, particularly through techniques like MRI, offers valuable insights crucial for surgical procedures, radiotherapy, treatment planning, and stereotactic neurosurgery. To facilitate the accurate identification of cancerous cells within the brain using MRI, deep learning and image classification techniques have been deployed. These technologies have paved the way for the development of automated tumor detection methods, which not only save valuable time for radiologists but also consistently deliver proven levels of accuracy. In contrast, the conventional approach to defect detection in magnetic resonance brain images relies on manual human inspection, a method rendered impractical due to the sheer volume of data This paper outlines an approach aimed at detecting and classifying brain tumors within patient MRI images. Additionally, it conducts a performance comparison of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models in this context

Affine actions on non-archimedean trees

We initiate the study of affine actions of groups on $\Lambda$-trees for a general ordered abelian group $\Lambda$; these are actions by dilations rather than isometries. This gives a common generalisation of isometric action on a $\Lambda$-tree, and affine action on an $\R$-tree as studied by I. Liousse. The duality between based length functions and actions on $\Lambda$-trees is generalised to this setting. We are led to consider a new class of groups: those that admit a free affine action on a $\Lambda$-tree for some $\Lambda$. Examples of such groups are presented, including soluble Baumslag-Solitar groups and the discrete Heisenberg group.Comment: 27 pages. Section 1.4 expanded, typos corrected from previous versio

On abstract commensurators of groups

We prove that the abstract commensurator of a nonabelian free group, an infinite surface group, or more generally of a group that splits appropriately over a cyclic subgroup, is not finitely generated. This applies in particular to all torsion-free word-hyperbolic groups with infinite outer automorphism group and abelianization of rank at least 2. We also construct a finitely generated, torsion-free group which can be mapped onto Z and which has a finitely generated commensurator.Comment: 13 pages, no figur

Higher-Order Termination: from Kruskal to Computability

Termination is a major question in both logic and computer science. In logic, termination is at the heart of proof theory where it is usually called strong normalization (of cut elimination). In computer science, termination has always been an important issue for showing programs correct. In the early days of logic, strong normalization was usually shown by assigning ordinals to expressions in such a way that eliminating a cut would yield an expression with a smaller ordinal. In the early days of verification, computer scientists used similar ideas, interpreting the arguments of a program call by a natural number, such as their size. Showing the size of the arguments to decrease for each recursive call gives a termination proof of the program, which is however rather weak since it can only yield quite small ordinals. In the sixties, Tait invented a new method for showing cut elimination of natural deduction, based on a predicate over the set of terms, such that the membership of an expression to the predicate implied the strong normalization property for that expression. The predicate being defined by induction on types, or even as a fixpoint, this method could yield much larger ordinals. Later generalized by Girard under the name of reducibility or computability candidates, it showed very effective in proving the strong normalization property of typed lambda-calculi..

RNN-Based Radio Resource Management on Multicore RISC-V Accelerator Architectures

Radio resource management (RRM) is critical in 5G mobile communications due to its ubiquity on every radio device and its low latency constraints. The rapidly evolving RRM algorithms with low latency requirements combined with the dense and massive 5G base station deployment ask for an on-the-edge RRM acceleration system with a tradeoff between flexibility, efficiency, and cost-making application-specific instruction-set processors (ASIPs) an optimal choice. In this work, we start from a baseline, simple RISC-V core and introduce instruction extensions coupled with software optimizations for maximizing the throughput of a selected set of recently proposed RRM algorithms based on models using multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Furthermore, we scale from a single-ASIP to a multi-ASIP acceleration system to further improve RRM throughput. For the single-ASIP system, we demonstrate an energy efficiency of 218 GMAC/s/W and a throughput of 566 MMAC/s corresponding to an improvement of 10x and 10.6x, respectively, over the single-core system with a baseline RV32IMC core. For the multi-ASIP system, we analyze the parallel speedup dependency on the input and output feature map (FM) size for fully connected and LSTM layers, achieving up to 10.2x speedup with 16 cores over a single extended RI5CY core for single LSTM layers and a speedup of 13.8x for a single fully connected layer. On the full RRM benchmark suite, we achieve an average overall speedup of 16.4x, 25.2x, 31.9x, and 38.8x on two, four, eight, and 16 cores, respectively, compared to our single-core RV32IMC baseline implementation

Translations of Steinhausen's Publications Provide Insight Into Their Contributions to Peripheral Vestibular Neuroscience

The quantitative relationship between angular head movement and semicircular canal function is most often referenced to the well-known torsion-pendulum model that predicts cupular displacement from input head acceleration. The foundation of this model can be traced back to Steinhausen's series of papers between 1927 and 1933 whereby he endeavored to document observations of cupular displacements that would directly infer movement of the endolymph resulting from angular rotation. He also was the first to establish the direct relationship between cupular displacement and compensatory eye movements. While the chronology of these findings, with their successes and pitfalls, are documented in Steinhausen's work, it reflects a fascinating journey that has been inaccessible to the non-German speaking community. Therefore, the present compilation of translations, with accompanying introduction and discussion, was undertaken to allow a larger component of the vestibular scientific community to gain insight into peripheral labyrinthine mechanics provided by this historical account

An Assessment of Consumer Food Safety Handling Practices of Produce at Grocery Stores in Rhode Island

Produce contributed to more foodborne illnesses from 2004 to 2013 than any other food category. While the main focus has been on produce contamination on a farm or distribution center, little has been done to understand the role of consumers’ food safety practices in the grocery store. This area is of particular importance, since any contamination could be made worse with improper food safety practices in the home. The purpose of this study was to use direct observation and a smartphone application to observe food safety handling and hygiene practices of consumers shopping for produce at grocery stores in Rhode Island. A total of 80 individual consumer observations of produce handling and hygiene practices took place at five grocery stores (16 observations per location). Observed unsafe food safety handling practices of consumers included manipulating produce, putting produce back on the shelf, and tasting produce, in addition to poor personal hygiene practices. Produce scales were unclean in a majority of observations. Results from this study revealed that some consumers at Rhode Island grocery stores engage in unsafe food safety practices when shopping for produce. Education at the point of purchase about best practices of handling produce is needed in order to decrease cross-contamination and exposure of other consumers to contamination