The impact of student and peer behaviour on EFL teachers' motivation and job satisfaction in a Saudi Arabian context

This article investigates the effect that students and peers, their behaviours, and the way classes are practically and physically taught affect teachers’ motivation and job satisfaction in a Saudi Arabian context. A lack of trained teachers, unawareness of the cultural differences between their home country and that of Saudi Arabia, and the lack of training and induction in their working life, means it may be difficult to integrate into the workplace and, indeed, society. This has a knock on effect on their personal and professional lives, and added to the somewhat perplexing attitudes of some students and peer teachers, who for reasons including non-compliance, unwillingness and demotivation among students, as well as peer teachers who were perceived as poor, untrained and uncooperative, can make time at work within the Kingdom difficult, unrewarding and lonely. This results in many teachers feeling unappreciated, demotivated and demoralised, and they have little satisfaction in the job they are doing

Repeatability of dental shade by digital spectrophotometry in current, former, and never smokers

Cigarette smoking contributes to poor oral health and dental discoloration. Therefore, stopping smoking may translate into measurable amelioration of dental shade indices. We compared dental shade parameters by digital spectrophotometry among current, former, and never smokers and verified their repeatability at 7 and 30 days. Dental shade parameters (CIE L*a*b* and corresponding whiteness index for dentistry-WID) were measured in current, former, and never smokers with a digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V) on three separate study visits: at baseline (day 0), at day 7, and day 30. Dental shade parameters were analyzed in 18 current, 18 former, and 20 never smokers. The repeatability of shade parameters was consistent in current, former, and never smokers. L*, a*, b*, and WID show significant short and long-term repeatability (p < 0.0001, by regression analyses). The mean (± SD) WID score of 13.42 (± 4.9) in current smokers was significantly lower compared to the WID score of 20.38 (± 5.3) in never smokers (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed between current and former smokers and between former smokers and former smokers. Dental shade measurements by digital spectrophotometry were highly reproducible and showed that teeth whiteness of current smokers is substantially inferior compared to never smokers. Objective discrimination of dental shade can be a valuable regulatory science endpoint for investigating oral hygiene and dental aesthetics of consumer care products, smoking cessation medications, and tar-free tobacco products (e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, oral nicotine products) for cigarette substitution. Clinical trial registration: the study was not registered in ClinicalTrials.gov considering that it is a pilot study, parts of a larger project with ID: NCT04649645

The Vertical Reference System in the Argentine Republic

This paper is a summary of the tasks that have been developed and the ones that are under development in the Argentine Republic by means of joint activities, agreements and cooperation among institutions, together with national and international scientific and educational agencies, related to: -Completion, calculation, unification and link to planialtimetric networks. -Gravity activities and procedures used for heights correction. -Linking to neighboring countries networks. -Initial leveling experiences by means of GPS technology, and results obtained. -Regional and national geoid modeling. -Determination of vertical crustal movements, evaluation of sea technology, variations of the mean sea level and its influence over the zero of the argentine height system.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

Géodynamique andine : résumés étendus = Andean geodynamics : extended abstracts

Nous présentons les résultats d'une étude de 14 sections E-W à travers les Andes d'Argentine et du Chili. Les anomalies gravimétriques, les modèles de croûte et les quantités de raccourcissement ont été établis pour chaque section. Une bonne corrélation est observée entre les anomalies de Bouguer et les masses ; les racines calculées par inversion de ces anomalies correspondent à des racines isostatiques. (Résumé d'auteur