75 research outputs found
Developing a Pilot Case and Modelling the Development of a Large European CO<sub>2</sub> Transport Infrastructure -The GATEWAY H2020 Project
The H2020 GATEWAY project aims to develop a comprehensive model Pilot Case which, intentionally, will pave the ground for CCS deployment in Europe. It will result from the assessment of, technical, commercial, judicial and societal issues related to a future CO2 transport infrastructure. The Pilot Case derived on this basis, will emphasize a gateway for CO2 transport in the North Sea Basin. Four potential pilot cases have been evaluated through a combination of techno-economic modelling of the individual cases and evaluation against more qualitative criteria. The chosen Pilot Case, Rotterdam Nucleus, will be refined and developed during the remaining period of the GATEWAY project. To maximise impact, the GATEWAY project adapts its work to lay the foundation for a future application to a European βProject of Common Interestβ (PCI). Continuous dialogue with the most relevant stakeholders is an important part of GATEWAY, as a Coordination and Support Action (CSA) H2020 project
Exploring the psychology of GPT-4's Moral and Legal Reasoning
Large language models have been used as the foundation of highly
sophisticated artificial intelligences, capable of delivering human-like
responses to probes about legal and moral issues. However, these models are
unreliable guides to their own inner workings, and even the engineering teams
behind their creation are unable to explain exactly how they came to develop
all of the capabilities they currently have. The emerging field of machine
psychology seeks to gain insight into the processes and concepts that these
models possess. In this paper, we employ the methods of psychology to probe
into GPT-4's moral and legal reasoning. More specifically, we investigate the
similarities and differences between GPT-4 and humans when it comes to
intentionality ascriptions, judgments about causation, the morality of
deception, moral foundations, the impact of moral luck on legal judgments, the
concept of consent, and rule violation judgments. We find high correlations
between human and AI responses, but also several significant systematic
differences between them. We conclude with a discussion of the philosophical
implications of our findings
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 1,2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ», ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ (Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π½, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ (Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½, 1,2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ») ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ.
Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
, Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
-ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°
ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π+ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ 0,45β0,9% NaCl. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
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ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 1,2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ» (1,2-ΠΠ) Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 5%. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π°
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ², Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
-Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ (Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π½, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ) Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ (Π³Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½, 1,2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ») ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ,
ΡΠΎ Π² Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
, Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
-Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π+ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ 0,45β0,9% NaCl. ΠΠ»Ρ Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
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Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ Π°Π±ΠΎ 1,2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ» Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 5%. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½Π° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ
Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ.The osmotic properties of erythrocytes frozen-thawed in combined cryopreservatives, containing polymeric non-penetrating
(dextran, polyethylene glycol) and penetrating (glycerol, 1,2-propane diol) cryoprotectants were studied. It was established that in
erythrocytes frozen-thawed in the presence of polymers the increasing of H+ ion flow rate and osmotic fragility in the environment
with 0.45β0.9% NaCl was observed. It is sufficient to add 5% glycerol or 1,2-propane diol (1,2-PD) to the medium to preserve
osmotic properties of frozen-thawed cells. The obtained results enable to suggest that cryoprotective efficiency of combined
cryopreservatives, containing non-penetrating and penetrating cryoprotectants is determined both by the contribution of cryoprotective
components differing by action mechanism into th
Lipopolysaccharide Lowers Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein by Activating F4/80Clec4fVsig4Ly6C Kupffer Cell Subsets
BACKGROUND: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreases hepatic CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) expression albeit that the underlying mechanism is disputed. We recently showed that plasma CETP is mainly derived from Kupffer cells (KCs). In this study, we investigated the role of KC subsets in the mechanism by which LPS reduces CETP expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: In CETP-transgenic mice, LPS markedly decreased hepatic CETP expression and plasma CETP concentration without affecting hepatic macrophage number. This was paralleled by decreased expression of the resting KC markers C-type lectin domain family 4, member f (Clec4f) and V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4 (Vsig4), while expression of the infiltrating monocyte marker lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus C (Ly6C) was increased. Simultaneously, the ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol over non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol transiently increased. After ablation hepatic macrophages via injection with liposomal clodronate, the reappearance of hepatic gene and protein expression of CETP coincided with Clec4f and Vsig4, but not Ly6C. Double-immunofluorescence staining showed that CETP co-localized with Clec4f+ KCs and not Ly6C+ monocytes. In humans, microarray gene-expression analysis of liver biopsies revealed that hepatic expression and plasma level of CETP both correlated with hepatic VSIG4 expression. LPS administration decreased the plasma CETP concentration in humans. In vitro experiments showed that LPS reduced liver X receptor-mediated CETP expression. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic expression of CETP is exclusively confined to the resting KC subset (ie, F4/80+Clec4f+Vsig4+Ly6C-). LPS activated resting KCs, leading to reduction of Clec4f and Vsig4 expression and reduction of hepatic CETP expression, consequently decreasing plasma CETP and raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. This sequence of events is consistent with the anti-inflammatory role of HDL in the response to LPS and may be relevant as a defense mechanism against bacterial infections
High titers and low fucosylation of early human anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG promote inflammation by alveolar macrophages
Patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) become critically ill primarily around the time of activation of the adaptive immune response. Here, we provide evidence that antibodies play a role in the worsening of disease at the time of seroconversion. We show that early-phase severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum of critically ill COVID-19 patients induces excessive inflammatory responses by human alveolar macrophages. We identified that this excessive inflammatory response is dependent on two antibody features that are specific for patients with severe COVID-19. First, inflammation is driven by high titers of anti-spike IgG, a hallmark of severe disease. Second, we found that anti-spike IgG from patients with severe COVID-19 is intrinsically more proinflammatory because of different glycosylation, particularly low fucosylation, of the antibody Fc tail. Low fucosylation of anti-spike IgG was normalized in a few weeks after initial infection with SARS-CoV-2, indicating that the increased antibody-dependent inflammation mainly occurs at the time of seroconversion. We identified Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) Ila and FeyRIII as the two primary IgG receptors that are responsible for the induction of key COVID-19-associated cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. In addition, we show that anti-spike IgG-activated human macrophages can subsequently break pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity and induce microvascular thrombosis in vitro. Last, we demonstrate that the inflammatory response induced by anti-spike IgG can be specifically counteracted by fostamatinib, an FDA- and EMA-approved therapeutic small-molecule inhibitor of Syk kinase.Proteomic
Once the shovel hits the ground : Evaluating the management of complex implementation processes of public-private partnership infrastructure projects with qualitative comparative analysis
Much attention is being paid to the planning of public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects. The subsequent implementation phase β when the contract has been signed and the project βstarts rollingβ β has received less attention. However, sound agreements and good intentions in project planning can easily fail in project implementation. Implementing PPP infrastructure projects is complex, but what does this complexity entail? How are projects managed, and how do public and private partners cooperate in implementation? What are effective management strategies to achieve satisfactory outcomes? This is the fi rst set of questions addressed in this thesis. Importantly, the complexity of PPP infrastructure development imposes requirements on the evaluation methods that can be applied for studying these questions. Evaluation methods that ignore complexity do not create a realistic understanding of PPP implementation processes, with the consequence that evaluations tell us little about what works and what does not, in which contexts, and why. This hampers learning from evaluations. What are the requirements for a complexity-informed evaluation method? And how does qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) meet these requirements? This is the second set of questions addressed in this thesis
Two-colour infrared missile warning sensors
Current missile-warning sensors on aircraft mostly operate in the ultraviolet wavelength band. Aimed primarily at detecting short-range, shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles, the detection range of the sensors is of the same order as the threat range, which is 3-5 km. However, this range is only attained against older missiles, with bright exhaust flames. Modern missile developments include the use of new propellants, which generate low-intensity plumes. These threats are detected at much shorter ranges by current ultraviolet warning sensors, resulting in short reaction times. Infrared sensors are able to detect targets at a much longer range. In contrast with the ultraviolet band, in which a target is observed against an almost zero background, infrared sensors must extract targets from a complex background. This leads to a much higher false-alarm rate, which has thus far prevented the deployment of infrared sensors in a missile warning system. One way of reducing false-alarms levels is to make use of the spectral difference between missile plumes and the background. By carefully choosing two wavelength bands, the contrast between missile plume and background can be maximised. This paper presents a method to search for the best possible combination of two bands in the mid-wave infrared, that leads to the longest detection ranges and that works for a wide range of missile propellants. Detection ranges predicted in the infrared will be compared with those obtained in the ultraviolet, to demonstrate the increased range and, therefore, the increased reaction time for the aircraft
Keynote speech - Corrective measures for CO2 storage - The MiReCOL project
CO2 capture, transport and storage (CCS) has the potential to significantly reduce the carbon emission that follows from the use of fossil fuels in power production and industry. Integrated demo-scale projects are currently being developed to demonstrate the feasibility of CCS and the first such projects are expected to start operating in Europe under the Storage Directive in the period 2015- 2020. As part of the license application, these projects must develop a corrective measures plan, which describes the measures that can be taken when the CO2 in the subsurface behaves in an unexpected way. The MiReCOL project supports the development of corrective measures plans and helps building confidence in the safety of deep subsurface CO2 storage by providing a toolbox of techniques to mitigate and/or remediate undesired migration of CO2. MiReCOL aims to support CCS project operators and relevant authorities. Copyright Β© (2014) by the European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers. All rights reserved
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