Allometric Scaling Reveals Evolutionary Constraint on Odonata Wing Cellularity via Critical Crack Length

Scaling in insect wings is a complex phenomenon that seems pivotal in maintaining wing functionality. In this study, the relationship between wing size and the size, location, and shape of wing cells in dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) is investigated, aiming to address the question of how these factors are interconnected. To this end, WingGram, the recently developed computer‐vision‐based software, is used to extract the geometric features of wing cells of 389 dragonflies and damselfly wings from 197 species and 16 families. It has been found that the cell length of the wings does not depend on the wing size. Despite the wide variation in wing length (8.42 to 56.5 mm) and cell length (0.1 to 8.5 mm), over 80% of the cells had a length ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, which was previously identified as the critical crack length of the membrane of locust wings. An isometric scaling of cells is also observed with maximum size in each wing, which increased as the size increased. Smaller cells tended to be more circular than larger cells. The results have implications for bio‐mimetics, inspiring new materials and designs for artificial wings with potential applications in aerospace engineering and robotics

Correlation between hyponatremia and high risk clinical and echocardiographic features in patients with acute heat failure

Background and purpose: Heart failure (HF) is characterized by decreased ability of the heart to provide sufficient blood flow or fill with the blood. Hyponatremia is the most commonly seen electrolyte abnormality in patients with heart failure that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between hyponatremia and high risk clinical and echocardiographic features in patients with acute HF. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was performed in 271 patients with acute systolic heart failure admitted to Sari Fatemeh Zahra hospital, 2018-2019. Patients were divided into two groups: hyponatremic and normonatremic groups. Vital signs, echocardiographic variables, body mass index (BMI), and common cardiovascular risk factors were compared between the two groups using SPSS V18. Results: This study included 130 males (48) and 141 females (52) and the patients� mean age was 69.90±14.02 years. Patients with hyponatremia had lower BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and higher platelet counts compared to other group (P =0.01, 0.002, 0.005, and 0.047, respectively). Also, these patients, were found with higher frequency of moderate to severe functional mitral regurgitation (P= 0.076). Linear regression analysis showed hyponatremia as an independent predictor of hypotension and hemodynamic instability in patients with hyponatremia. Conclusion: This study showed that patients with acute HF and hyponatremia are at higher risk of developing hypotension, cachexia, and increased platelet counts which put them at greater risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. © 2020, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Necessary Conclusions in Moods with only One Necessary Premise A problem in Aristotelian modal syllogism

There are many criticisms about Aristotelian modal syllogism. Some logicians tried to provide adequate formulation of his total system but they were not successful. Therefore some logicians decided to account for those parts of the system which had been more controversial. The most controversial of the system is the "two barbaras" problem. The problem is about Aristotle's claim that moods with necessary major premise and assertoric minor premise have necessary conclusion while moods with assertoric major premise and necessary minor premise do not have necessary conclusion. Some logicians accept this, some believe that both of them have necessary conclusion, and some believe that both of them have assertoric conclusion. Rescher defended Aristotle's idea rather successfully. Moreover he thereby showed the consistency of this account with other parts of Aristotle's logic

Qanats as an Endangered Traditional Hydraulic Heritage. An Integrated Methodology for Documenting, Restoring and Reusing an Ancient Iranian Qanat.

Qanats represented a major technological solution for water supply in arid and semi-arid regions for millennia. Thanks to their multiple social and economic benefits, qanat-like systems spread from Iran through the Middle East in most of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In recent years, this valuable traditional hydraulic technology has been neglected in the preservation and reuse due to the lack of management as well as the lack of legal support. This precious heritage and sustainable water supply system according to their sustainable structural features has been replaced by modern water collection and management systems such as dams and other hydroelectric infrastructures along with new pumping technologies. Nevertheless, there is a growing consensus on the number of short, medium and long-term issues emerging from these systems including pollution and other environmental damages, regional conflicts, political pressures as well as their limited lifetime and structural instability. The purpose of this paper is to show qanats as an example of endangered heritage which could also represent a sustainable and clean technology. To do so, we apply a multi-disciplinary perspective integrating archaeological, architectural, sociological and conservation methodologies on a specific case study from the Tabriz region in Northwest Iran: the “No-Ras” qanat

Necessary Conclusions in Moods with only One Necessary Premise A problem in Aristotelian modal syllogism

There are many criticisms about Aristotelian modal syllogism. Some logicians tried to provide adequate formulation of his total system but they were not successful. Therefore some logicians decided to account for those parts of the system which had been more controversial. The most controversial of the system is the "two barbaras" problem. The problem is about Aristotle's claim that moods with necessary major premise and assertoric minor premise have necessary conclusion while moods with assertoric major premise and necessary minor premise do not have necessary conclusion. Some logicians accept this, some believe that both of them have necessary conclusion, and some believe that both of them have assertoric conclusion. Rescher defended Aristotle's idea rather successfully. Moreover he thereby showed the consistency of this account with other parts of Aristotle's logic

Gerry Simpson, Great Powers and Outlaw State : Unequal Sovereigns in the International Legal Order, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004

F. Nabati Mikael. Gerry Simpson, Great Powers and Outlaw State : Unequal Sovereigns in the International Legal Order, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004. In: Revue Québécoise de droit international, volume 16-2, 2003. pp. 383-385

Gerry Simpson, Great Powers and Outlaw State : Unequal Sovereigns in the International Legal Order, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004

F. Nabati Mikael. Gerry Simpson, Great Powers and Outlaw State : Unequal Sovereigns in the International Legal Order, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004. In: Revue Québécoise de droit international, volume 16-2, 2003. pp. 383-385