The development of a high temperature air heating unit based on the external combustion for integrated gasification combined cycle

The use of heat exchangers in which the working fluid before it enters the gas turbine is warmed up due to the combustion of fuel or other external energy source still is of interest due to the method advantages: the cleanliness of the working fluid; the ability of using cheap low-grade fuels, solar or nuclear energy; the possibility of usage of the closed gas turbine cycle with gases as a working medium, that having favorable thermodynamic properties in comparison with air (helium, CO2, etc.). However, the desired gas turbine inlet temperature - up to 1,700°C currently not possible to provide even with the use of ceramic heat exchangers. Therefore, this technology is now being considered for solid-fuel micro gas turbines operating at temperatures 900-1100°C, or for reducing the need for fuel gas of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) by the means of preheating of cyclic air as well as it is considered for solar gas turbines and gas turbines on the basis of high temperature gas cooled reactors. The authors have developed a metal recuperative air heater based on external combustion of coal for 500 MW IGCC power plant, the development of IGCC is determined by the Energy strategy of Russia for the period up to 2030. In the article the thermal characteristics of the heating of pressurized air, the possible options for the configuration of the heater, heat-resistant materials suitable for its production and the results of the feasibility calculations are considered. In conclusion the design that allows to significantly reduce the specific capital and operating costs for the heater compared to the classic one is proposed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.This work was carried out at the Ural Federal University and financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project number 14-19-00524).Comsol;GazEcos;Interenergo;Russian Foundation for Basic Researc

X-ray spectra reveal the reawakening of the repeat changing-look AGN NGC 1566

We present simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the repeat changing-look AGN NGC 1566, which dramatically increased in brightness in the IR to X-ray bands in 2018. The broad-band X-ray spectrum was taken at the peak of the outburst and is typical of Seyfert 1 AGN. The spectrum shows a soft excess, Compton hump, warm absorption and reflection, ruling out tidal disruption as the cause of the outburst and demonstrating that a 'standard' accretion disk can develop very rapidly. The high resolution grating spectrum reveals that the outburst has launched a ~ 500 km/s outflow, and shows photoionised emission lines from rest-frame gas. We discuss possible mechanisms for the outburst, and conclude that it is most likely caused by a disk instability.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted to MNRAS letter

Design Optimization of a Helical Coil Gas Cooler Based on the Results of CFD Modeling of Erosion Wear

Simulation of erosion wear and design optimization have been performed for a convective gas cooler with a helical coil. Based on the results of simulation of the standard gas cooler design with a flat baffle used in Shell gasification-based combined cycle unit, it is concluded that the particle impact angle is the main factor determining the erosion maximum. To reduce erosion, it is necessary to install a structural element instead of the flat baffle to align the flow path of ash particles at the inlet to the gas cooler. The results of simulation for various baffle shapes show that a hemispherical baffle is optimal. The use of a hemispherical baffle plate made it possible to align the ash particle flow path at the inlet to the gas cooler channels and reduce the maximum level of erosion by a factor of almost 4 compared to the standard geometry of the baffle plate. © 2022 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved

Measuring the health impact of human rights violations related to Australian asylum policies and practices: A mixed methods study

This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund - Copyright @ 2009 Johnston et al.BACKGROUND: Human rights violations have adverse consequences for health. However, to date, there remains little empirical evidence documenting this association, beyond the obvious physical and psychological effects of torture. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether Australian asylum policies and practices, which arguably violate human rights, are associated with adverse health outcomes. METHODS: We designed a mixed methods study to address the study aim. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 71 Iraqi Temporary Protection Visa (TPV) refugees and 60 Iraqi Permanent Humanitarian Visa (PHV) refugees, residing in Melbourne, Australia. Prior to a recent policy amendment, TPV refugees were only given temporary residency status and had restricted access to a range of government funded benefits and services that permanent refugees are automatically entitled to. The quantitative results were triangulated with semi-structured interviews with TPV refugees and service providers. The main outcome measures were self-reported physical and psychological health. Standardised self-report instruments, validated in an Arabic population, were used to measure health and wellbeing outcomes. RESULTS: Forty-six percent of TPV refugees compared with 25% of PHV refugees reported symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of clinical depression (p = 0.003). After controlling for the effects of age, gender and marital status, TPV status made a statistically significant contribution to psychological distress (B = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.71, p </= 0.001) amongst Iraqi refugees. Qualitative data revealed that TPV refugees generally felt socially isolated and lacking in control over their life circumstances, because of their experiences in detention and on a temporary visa. This sense of powerlessness and, for some, an implicit awareness they were being denied basic human rights, culminated in a strong sense of injustice. CONCLUSION: Government asylum policies and practices violating human rights norms are associated with demonstrable psychological health impacts. This link between policy, rights violations and health outcomes offers a framework for addressing the impact of socio-political structures on health.This research was supported by an Australian National and Medical Research Council PhD Scholarship (N. 251782) and a Victorian Health Promotion Foundation research grant (No. 2002-0280)

DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF A HELICAL COIL GAS COOLER BY THE RESULTS OF EROSION WEAR CFD MODELING

Erosion wear simulation and the design optimization of a helical coil convective gas cooler was executed. It shows that instead of a flat baffle, a structural element is necessary to align the ash particle trajectory at the gas cooler entrance. A sphere baffle was found to be optimal

A proposal for a coordinated effort for the determination of brainwide neuroanatomical connectivity in model organisms at a mesoscopic scale

In this era of complete genomes, our knowledge of neuroanatomical circuitry remains surprisingly sparse. Such knowledge is however critical both for basic and clinical research into brain function. Here we advocate for a concerted effort to fill this gap, through systematic, experimental mapping of neural circuits at a mesoscopic scale of resolution suitable for comprehensive, brain-wide coverage, using injections of tracers or viral vectors. We detail the scientific and medical rationale and briefly review existing knowledge and experimental techniques. We define a set of desiderata, including brain-wide coverage; validated and extensible experimental techniques suitable for standardization and automation; centralized, open access data repository; compatibility with existing resources, and tractability with current informatics technology. We discuss a hypothetical but tractable plan for mouse, additional efforts for the macaque, and technique development for human. We estimate that the mouse connectivity project could be completed within five years with a comparatively modest budget.Comment: 41 page

X-ray spectra reveal the reawakening of the repeat changing-look AGN NGC 1566

We present simultaneous XMM–Newton and NuSTAR observations of the repeat changing-look AGN NGC 1566, which dramatically increased in brightness in the IR to X-ray bands in 2018. The broad-band X-ray spectrum was taken at the peak of the outburst and is typical of Seyfert 1 AGN. The spectrum shows a soft excess, Compton hump, warm absorption and reflection, ruling out tidal disruption as the cause of the outburst and demonstrating that a ‘standard’ accretion disk can develop very rapidly. The high-resolution grating spectrum reveals that the outburst has launched a ∼500 km s^(−1) outflow, and shows photoionized emission lines from rest-frame gas. We discuss possible mechanisms for the outburst, and conclude that it is most likely caused by a disk instability