Heating Augmentation for Short Hypersonic Protuberances

Computational aeroheating analyses of the Space Shuttle Orbiter plug repair models are validated against data collected in the Calspan University of Buffalo Research Center (CUBRC) 48 inch shock tunnel. The comparison shows that the average difference between computed heat transfer results and the data is about 9:5%. Using CFD and Wind Tunnel (WT) data, an empirical correlation for estimating heating augmentation on short hyper- sonic protuberances (k/delta < 0.33) is proposed. This proposed correlation is compared with several computed flight simulation cases and good agreement is achieved. Accordingly, this correlation is proposed for further investigation on other short hypersonic protuberances for estimating heating augmentation

Two-sided asymmetric subduction; implications for tectonomagmatic and metallogenic evolution of the Lut Block, Eastern Iran

West directed subduction zones show common characteristics, such as low structural elevation, deep trench, steep slab and a conjugate back-arc basin that are opposite to those of the east directed subduction zones. The tectonomagmatic and metallogenic setting of the Lut Block is still a matter of debate and several hypotheses have been put forward. Despite some authors denying the influence of the operation of Benioff planes, the majority propose that it occurred beneath the Afghan Block, while others consider that oceanic lithosphere was dragged under the Lut Block. Cu-Au porphyry deposits seem to occur in an island arc geotectonic setting during the middle Eocene while Mo-bearing deposits are coincident with the crustal thickening during Oligocene. We introduce new trace element and isotope geochemical data for granitoids and structural evidences testifying the two-sided asymmetric subduction beneath both Afghan and Lut Blocks, with different rates of consumption of oceanic lithosphere

Photo-Catalytic Activity of ZnO Supported on H-ZSM-5 Zeolite to Reduce Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract Aims: The application of photocatalytic processes to remove heavy metals in aqueous solutions and industrial wastewater are regarded as extremely effective, clean and without producing waste methods. The goal of the present study was to investigate the photocatalytic activity of ZnO based on H-ZSM-5 zeolite support. Materials &amp; Methods: ZnO/H-ZSM-5 composite synthesized by impregnation method successfully, and photo-reduction of Cr(VI) was investigated via this composite in present of UV light irradiation. The prepared composite was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Data was analyzed by repeated measurement statistical test. Findings: ZnO/H-ZSM-5 (79.5) had better removal photo-reduction activity than pure H-ZSM-5 (8.7; p=0.003) zeolite and ZnO (58.8; p=0.003). The initial concentration of Cr(VI) was a highly influential factor in photo-reduction of Cr(VI); In the way that when the initial concentration increased from 10 to 40mg/l, the photo-reduction percentage decreased from 92.5 to 57.7 in constant operational conditions (p=0.001). Conclusion: ZnO/H-ZSM-5 composite has higher removal photo-catalytic activity than pure ZnO and HZSM-5 zeolite. Photo-reduction of Cr(VI) by ZnO/H-ZSM-5 composite is an efficient technology for the treatment of water and wastewater containing high concentration of Cr(VI)

Association analysis of rs1049255 and rs4673 transitions in p22phox gene with coronary artery disease: A case-control study and a computational analysis

Background The p22phox gene encodes the main subunit of NADH/NADPH-oxidase. This enzyme is expressed in smooth muscle cells of arteries, and it produces the reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, oxidative stress plays a main role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between rs4673 and rs1049255 polymorphisms of p22phox gene with CAD in an Iranian population which was followed with a computational analysis approach. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we collected blood samples of 302 Iranian Caucasian including 143 patients and 159 healthy controls. Genotype of the polymorphisms was detected through PCR-RFLP method. A computational analysis was also performed using SNAP, Polyphen-2, Chou-Fasman, RNAsnp, and miRNA SNP databases. Results Data of case control study demonstrated that CT genotype (R = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.13–3.00, p = 0.014) and T allele (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.09–2.15, p = 0.013) of rs4673 polymorphism, have a significant association with enhanced risk of CAD. But rs1049255 analysis demonstrated the absence of such an association with CAD. Indeed, in silico data analysis demonstrated that rs4673 transition could impact on function of p22phox protein (SNAP score 56, expected accuracy 75%; Polyphen-2 score 0.99, sensitivity 0.09, specificity 0.99). Data derived from miRNA SNP database demonstrated that rs1049255 polymorphism increases the affinity of attachment between has-miR-3689a-3b with 3′-UTR of p22phox gene. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that rs4673 transition may be involved in susceptibility to CAD and could be applied as a potential biomarker for this disease

U-Pb Geochronology, Sr–Nd Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Tectonic Setting of Gandab Volcanic Rocks, Northeast Iran

This paper addresses U-Pb geochronology, Sr-Nd geochemistry, petrogenesis and tectonic setting in the Gandab volcanic rocks. The Gandab volcanic rocks belong to the Sabzevar zone magmatic arc (northeastern Iran). Petrographically, all the studied volcanic rocks indicate porphyritic textures with phenocrysts of plagioclase, K-feldespar, hornblende, pyroxene, and magnetite which are embedded in a fine to medium grained groundmass. As well, amygdaloidal, and poikilitic textures are seen in some rocks. The standard chemical classifications show that the studied rocks are basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite, trachyte, and trachydacite. Major elements reveal that the studied samples are metaluminous and their alumina saturation index varies from 0.71 to 1.02. The chondrite-normalized rare-earth element and mantle-normalized trace-element patterns show enrichment in light rare-earth elements (LREE) relative to heavy rare-earth elements (HREE) and in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) relative to high field strength elements (HFSE). As well they show a slightly negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.72 – 0.97). The whole-rock geochemistry of the studied rocks suggests that they are related to each other by fractional crystallization. LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb analyses in zircon grains from two volcanic rock samples (GCH-119 and GCH-171) gave ages ranging of 5.47 ± 0.22 Ma to 2.44 ± 0.79 Ma, which corresponds to the Pliocene period. In four samples analysed for Sr and Nd isotopes 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.704082 to 0.705931 and εNd values vary between +3.34 and +5. These values could be regarded to as representing mantle derived magmas. Taking into account the comparing rare earth element (REE) patterns, an origin of the parental magmas in enriched lithospheric mantle is suggested. Finally, it is concluded that Pliocene Gandab volcanic rocks are related to the post-collision environment that followed the Neo-Tethys subduction

An innovative framework for real-time monitoring of pollutant point sources in river networks

Simultaneous identification of the location and release history of pollutant sources in river networks is an ill-posed and complicated problem, particularly in the case of multiple sources with time-varying release patterns. This study presents an innovative method for solving this problem using minimum observational data. To do so, a procedure is proposed in which, the number and the suspected reaches to the existence of pollutant sources are determined. This is done by defining two different types of monitoring stations with an adaptive arrangement in addition to real-time data collection and reliable flow and transport mathematical models. In the next step, the sources’ location and their release history are identified by solving the inverse source problem employing a geostatistical approach. Different scenarios are discussed for different conditions of number, release history and location of pollutant sources in the river network. Results indicated the capability of the proposed method in identifying the characteristics of the sources in complicated cases. Hence, it can be effectively used for the comprehensive monitoring of river networks for different purposes

Petrography, geochemistry and tectonic significance of the Mahoor granitoids (Lut Block, Eastern Iran)

The Mahoor granitoids are Cu–Zn-bearing porphyries that outcrop in the central part of the Lut Block, about 135 km south-west of Nehbandan (eastern Iran). These granitoids occur mainly as dykes and stocks that intrude Eocene volcanics. Petrographically, all the studied intrusives display porphyritic textures with mm-sized phenocrysts, most commonly of plagioclase and hornblende, embedded in a fine-grained groundmass with variable amounts of plagioclase, hornblende, clinopyroxene, quartz and opaques. Hydrothermal alteration affected these granitoids, as revealed by the common occurrence of sericite, chlorite, sphene/leucoxene, epidote and calcite. Chemical classification criteria show that the intrusives may be named as gabbrodiorites, diorites, monzodiorites and tonalites. Major element geochemistry reveals that all the studied lithologies are typically metaluminous (A/CNK ≤ 0.94) and, in addition, suggest, that they constitute a suite belonging to the high-K calc-alkaline series. Magnetic susceptibility (1485 × 10-5 SI) together with mineralogical and geochemical features show that they belong to magnetite granitoid series (I-type). In primitive mantle-normalized trace element spiderdiagrams, the analysed samples display strong enrichment in LILE compared to HFSE (15.5 ≤ RbN/YN ≤ 45.9), accompanied by negative anomalies of Nb, Ta and Ti. REE chondrite-normalized plots show slight to moderate LREE enrichment (4.9 ≤ LaN/LuN ≤ 8.4) and negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* ratios vary from 0.65 to 0.88). Tectonic characteristics also indicate that the study area is emplaced in a volcanic arc setting. The whole set of geochemical data suggest that the Mahoor granitoids are co-genetic, belong to the calc-alkaline series and have been originated in an active continental margin setting. Sulfide mineralizations (pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite) related to these granitoids are common and occur both disseminated and as hydrothermal veins, indicating a high mineralization potential for this area

Fluid inclusion geothermometry of various alteration – mineralization zones of Chah-shaljami prospect, Eastern Iran

منطقه اکتشافي چاهشلغمي در خراسان جنوبي و در کمربند آتشفشاني – نفوذي بلوک لوت قرار گرفته است. تودههاي نيمه عميق گرانيتوئيدي مربوط به اليگوسن، درون تواليهاي آتشفشاني - پيروکلاستيک ائوسن نفوذ کردهاند. انواع کانيهاي دگرساني شامل آلونيت، ژاروسيت، کلريت، ديکيت، سريسيت، مونتموريلونيت، کوارتز و اکسيدهاي آهن شناسايي شدهاند. کانيسازي شامل پيريت، آرسنوپيريت، موليبدنيت، کالکوپيريت، اسفالريت، گالن و انارژيت است. ميزان دما و شوري بالاي سيالات درگير در زون دگرساني سيليس - کلريت ميتواند در تعيين مرکز سيستم کانيسازي در اکتشافات بعدي مورد استفاده قرار گيرد. دما و شوري سيالات به سمت زون دگرساني کوارتز حفرهاي در حال کاهش است که احتمالا نشان دهنده افزايش دخالت آبهاي جوي ميباشد. شواهد زمينشناسي، دگرساني، کانيسازي و تحول سيالات هيدروترمال نشان دهنده کانيسازي اپيترمال سولفيداسيون بالا مرتبط با سيستم پورفيري عمقي در منطقه ميباشد. کليد واژهها: بلوک لوت، آلونيت، سيالات درگير، اپيترمال.Chah-shaljami exploration area is located in the Southern Khorasan and belongs to the Lut Block volcanic-plutonic belt. Oligocene subvolcanic granitoids intruded into Eocene volcanic - volcaniclastic sequences. Alteration minerals include alunite, jarusite, chlorite, dickite, sericite, montmorillonite, quartz and iron oxide. Mineralization includes pyrite, arsenopyrite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and enargite. High temperature – salinity of fluid inclusions from sericite alteration is an indicator that can direct the next exploration toward the mineralization center. Temperature – salinity of fluid inclusions decrease toward the vuggy quartz alteration which indicate the increase of the role of meteoric fluids. The gathered data on alteration, mineralization and hydrothermal fluids together with field evidence evidence indicate that the high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization is related to the deep porphyry system in the area

Hydrothermal fluids evolution from various alteration – mineralization zones of Dehsalm porphyry type system, Lut block, Eastern Iran

منطقه اکتشافي دهسلم در خراسان جنوبي و در کمربند آتشفشاني – نفوذي بلوک لوت قرار گرفته است. تودههاي نيمه عميق حدواسط تا اسيدي مربوط به اليگوسن، درون تواليهاي آتشفشاني، ماسهسنگ و سيلتستون ائوسن نفوذ کردهاند. زونهاي دگرساني شامل انواع پتاسيک، پروپليتيک، سريسيت- رسي، اپيدوتي، سريسيت - کلسيت - سيليس و سيليسي ميباشند. کانيسازي بصورت رگه – رگچهاي و پراکنده شامل مگنتيت، پيريت، موليبدنيت، کالکوپيريت، بورنيت، طلا، آرسنوپيريت، اسفالريت، گالن، کوليت، ديژنيت و کانيهاي سولفوسالت ميباشد. مطالعه سيالات درگير تاثير فرايندهاي جوشش، ناآميختگي، سرد شدن و رقيق شدگي توسط آيهاي جوي را طي تحول سيالات کانهساز نشان داده است. ميزان دما و شوري سيالات درگير از زون دگرساني پتاسيک به سمت زون دگرساني سريسيتي - رسي در حال کاهش است که احتمالا نشان دهنده افزايش دخالت آبهاي جوي ميباشد. شواهد زمينشناسي، دگرساني، کاني- سازي و تحول سيالات هيدروترمال نشان دهنده کانيسازي سيستم پورفيري در منطقه ميباشد. کليد واژهها: بلوک لوت، سيالات درگير، جوشش، سيستم پورفيريDehsalm exploration area is located in the Southern Khorasan and belongs to the Lut Block volcanic-plutonic belt of the Lut block. Oligocene intermediate to acidic subvolcanic rocks intruded into Eocene volcanic, sandstone and siltstone sequences. Alteration zones include potassic, propylitic, sericite – calcite – silica, sericite – argillic, epidote and silicification. Vein – veinlet and disseminated mineralization comprise magnetite, pyrite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, bornite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena, covellite, digenite and sulfosalts. Fluid inclusion studies have shown the affect of boiling, fluid immiscibility, cooling and dilution processes by meteoric fluids during the evolution of mineralizing fluids. Temperature – salinity of fluid inclusions decrease from potassic through sericite – argillic alteration which indicate the increase of the role of meteoric fluids. The gathered data on alteration, mineralization and hydrothermal fluids together with field evidence indicate that a porphyry type mineralization system occurs in the area