Pocket ECG electrode

A low noise electrode suited for sensing electrocardiograms when chronically and subcutaneously implanted in a free ranging subject is described. The electrode comprises a pocket shaped electrically conductive member with a single entrance adapted to receive body fluids. The exterior of the member and the entrance region is coated with electrical insulation so that the only electrolyte/electrode interface is within the member, remote from artifact-generating tissue. Cloth straps are bonded to the member to permit the electrode to be sutured to tissue and to provide electrical lead flexure relief

Welfare assessment as part of welfare planning in organic calf production

Animalwelfare is regarded as a basic parameter in organic beef– and milk production. It is important to focus on good animal welfare at all levels, also including calves. Experiences from former projects show that calf welfare often represents a problem in organic and conventional farms, depending on the farmer’s priorities, attitudes and knowledge. A CORE Organic project “Minimizing medicine use in organic dairy herds through animal health and welfare planning” (ANIPLAN) was initiated in 2008 and is a collaboration between seven European countries, including Norway. The aim of the Norwegian project group, lead by the Norwegian Veterinary Institute, was to develop a calf welfare assessment system, suitable for welfare advising and planning in organic milk production farms. The system focuses on animal based parameters, management, individual clinical score, colostrum intake and feeding system

Strong Violations of Bell-type Inequalities for Path-Entangled Number States

We show that nonlocal correlation experiments on the two spatially separated modes of a maximally path-entangled number state may be performed and lead to a violation of a Clauser-Horne Bell inequality for any finite photon number N. We present also an analytical expression for the two-mode Wigner function of a maximally path-entangled number state and investigate a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell inequality for such states. We test other Bell-type inequalities. Some are violated by a constant amount for any N.Comment: 6 pages, LaTex; revised version accepted for publication in PR

Scattering of second sound waves by quantum vorticity

A new method of detection and measurement of quantum vorticity by scattering second sound off quantized vortices in superfluid Helium is suggested. Theoretical calculations of the relative amplitude of the scattered second sound waves from a single quantum vortex, a vortex ring, and bulk vorticity are presented. The relevant estimates show that an experimental verification of the method is feasible. Moreover, it can even be used for the detection of a single quantum vortex.Comment: Latex file, 9 page

An inductively powered telemetry system for temperature, EKG, and activity monitoring

An implant telemetry system for the simultaneous monitoring of temperature, activity, and EKG from small animals, such as rats, was designed with the feature that instead of a battery the system is energized by an inductive field. A 250 kHz resonant coil surrounds the cage (30 x 30 x 20 cm) and provides the approximately 100 microns of power required to operate the implant transmitter while allowing the animal unrestrained movement in the cage. The implant can also be battery operated if desired. RF transmission is in the 8-10 MHz band, which allows the use of a simple, essentially single IC chip, receiver

A long-range and long-life telemetry data-acquisition system for heart rate and multiple body temperatures from free-ranging animals

The system includes an implantable transmitter, external receiver-retransmitter collar, and a microprocessor-controlled demodulator. The size of the implant is suitable for animals with body weights of a few kilograms or more; further size reduction of the implant is possible. The ECG is sensed by electrodes designed for internal telemetry and to reduce movement artifacts. The R-wave characteristics are then specifically selected to trigger a short radio frequency pulse. Temperatures are sensed at desired locations by thermistors and then, based on a heartbeat counter, transmitted intermittently via pulse interval modulation. This modulation scheme includes first and last calibration intervals for a reference by ratios with the temperature intervals to achieve good accuracy even over long periods. Pulse duration and pulse sequencing are used to discriminate between heart rate and temperature pulses as well as RF interference

Coherent state LOQC gates using simplified diagonal superposition resource states

In this paper we explore the possibility of fundamental tests for coherent state optical quantum computing gates [T. C. Ralph, et. al, Phys. Rev. A \textbf{68}, 042319 (2003)] using sophisticated but not unrealistic quantum states. The major resource required in these gates are state diagonal to the basis states. We use the recent observation that a squeezed single photon state ($\hat{S}(r) \ket{1}$) approximates well an odd superposition of coherent states ($\ket{\alpha} - \ket{-\alpha}$) to address the diagonal resource problem. The approximation only holds for relatively small $\alpha$ and hence these gates cannot be used in a scaleable scheme. We explore the effects on fidelities and probabilities in teleportation and a rotated Hadamard gate.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figure

Delivering Water to the Wagner, Tower, and Greenwood Irrigation Units

Guide to delivering water to the Water, Tower, and Greenwood irrigations units discusses proposed water resources developments, includes potential areas such as the proposed Geddes and Tyndall units in South Dakota

Costs and Benefits of Developing the Wagner, Tower, and Greenwood Irrigation Units

Costs and benefits of developing the Wagner, Tower, and Greenwood irrigations units gives the specific costs to individual irrigators and the dollar value of benefits user are expected to receive