90 research outputs found

    Visual Salience and Perceptual Grouping in Multimodal Interactivity

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    This paper deals with the pragmatic interpretation of multimodal referring expressions in man-machine dialogue systems. We show the importance of building up a structure of the visual context at a semantic level, in order to enrich the significant possibilities of interpretations and to make possible the fusion of this structure with the ones obtained from the linguistic and gesture semantic analyses. Visual salience and perceptual grouping are two notions that guide such a structuring. We thus propose a hierarchy of salience criteria linked to an algorithm that detects salient objects, as well as guidelines for grouping algorithms. We show how the integration of the results of all these algorithms is a complex problem. We propose simple heuristics to reduce this complexity and we conclude on the usability of such heuristics in actual systems

    Fusion de contraintes pour la synchronisation des modalités et pour la résolution des références dans un énoncé multimodal

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    Avant de résoudre les références aux objets et aux lieux d'un énoncé multimodal associant parole et geste de désignation, il est nécessaire de mettre en correspondance chaque geste avec le segment linguistique qui lui correspond. Pour cela, nous exprimons les contraintes syntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques apportées par (a) les expressions référentielles et (b) les gestes, compte tenu de la disposition des objets et de leurs éventuels regroupements perceptifs. Une formalisation logique de ces contraintes et leur fusion permet d'aboutir à des hypothèses de correspondances puis à l'identification des référents. Nous exprimons alors la forme propositionnelle de l'énoncé permettant au système de retrouver les fonctions de l'application à exécuter. Malgré les nombreuses hypothèses faites sur chaque expression prise individuellement, nous montrons que le contenu propositionnel dans son ensemble est souvent le même. Cette méthode nous semble particulièrement prometteuse, tant parce qu'elle permet d'identifier les facteurs précis intervenant dans l'intégration de la langue et du geste, qu'en ce qu'elle permet d'envisager très facilement une implantation informatique

    Fusion de contraintes pour la synchronisation des modalités et pour la résolution des références dans un énoncé multimodal

    No full text
    Avant de résoudre les références aux objets et aux lieux d'un énoncé multimodal associant parole et geste de désignation, il est nécessaire de mettre en correspondance chaque geste avec le segment linguistique qui lui correspond. Pour cela, nous exprimons les contraintes syntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques apportées par (a) les expressions référentielles et (b) les gestes, compte tenu de la disposition des objets et de leurs éventuels regroupements perceptifs. Une formalisation logique de ces contraintes et leur fusion permet d'aboutir à des hypothèses de correspondances puis à l'identification des référents. Nous exprimons alors la forme propositionnelle de l'énoncé permettant au système de retrouver les fonctions de l'application à exécuter. Malgré les nombreuses hypothèses faites sur chaque expression prise individuellement, nous montrons que le contenu propositionnel dans son ensemble est souvent le même. Cette méthode nous semble particulièrement prometteuse, tant parce qu'elle permet d'identifier les facteurs précis intervenant dans l'intégration de la langue et du geste, qu'en ce qu'elle permet d'envisager très facilement une implantation informatique

    Measurement of the sensitivity function in time-domain atomic interferometer

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    submitted to IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.We present here an analysis of the sensitivity of a time-domain atomic interferometer to the phase noise of the lasers used to manipulate the atomic wave-packets. The sensitivity function is calculated in the case of a three pulse Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which is the configuration of the two inertial sensors we are building at BNM-SYRTE. We successfully compare this calculation to experimental measurements. The sensitivity of the interferometer is limited by the phase noise of the lasers, as well as by residual vibrations. We evaluate the performance that could be obtained with state of the art quartz oscillators, as well as the impact of the residual phase noise of the phase-lock loop. Requirements on the level of vibrations is derived from the same formalism

    6-axis inertial sensor using cold-atom interferometry

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    We have developed an atom interferometer providing a full inertial base. This device uses two counter-propagating cold-atom clouds that are launched in strongly curved parabolic trajectories. Three single Raman beam pairs, pulsed in time, are successively applied in three orthogonal directions leading to the measurement of the three axis of rotation and acceleration. In this purpose, we introduce a new atom gyroscope using a butterfly geometry. We discuss the present sensitivity and the possible improvements.Comment: submitted to PR

    Influence of optical aberrations in an atomic gyroscope

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    In atom interferometry based on light-induced diffraction, the optical aberrations of the laser beam splitters are a dominant source of noise and systematic effect. In an atomic gyroscope, this effect is dramatically reduced by the use of two atomic sources. But it remains critical while coupled to fluctuations of atomic trajectories, and appears as a main source of noise to the long term stability. Therefore we measure these contributions in our setup, using cold Cesium atoms and stimulated Raman transitions

    Transportable laser system for atom interferometry

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    Soumis à Optics LettersWe describe an optical bench in which we lock the relative frequencies or phases of a set of three lasers in order to use them in a cold atoms interferometry experiment. As a new feature, the same two lasers serve alternately to cool atoms and to realize the atomic interferometer. This requires a fast change of the optical frequencies over a few GHz. The number of required independent laser sources is then only 3, which enables the construction of the whole laser system on a single transportable optical bench. Recent results obtained with this optical setup are also presented

    Perturbations of the local gravity field due to mass distribution on precise measuring instruments: a numerical method applied to a cold atom gravimeter

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    We present a numerical method, based on a FEM simulation, for the determination of the gravitational field generated by massive objects, whatever geometry and space mass density they have. The method was applied for the determination of the self gravity effect of an absolute cold atom gravimeter which aims at a relative uncertainty of 10-9. The deduced bias, calculated with a perturbative treatment, is finally presented. The perturbation reaches (1.3 \pm 0.1) \times 10-9 of the Earth's gravitational field.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

    Comparison between two mobile absolute gravimeters: optical versus atomic interferometers

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    We report a comparison between two absolute gravimeters: the LNE-SYRTE cold atoms gravimeter and FG5#220 of Leibniz Universit\"at of Hannover. They rely on different principles of operation: atomic and optical interferometry. Both are movable which enabled them to participated to the last International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (ICAG'09) at BIPM. Immediately after, their bilateral comparison took place in the LNE watt balance laboratory and showed an agreement of 4.3 +/- 6.4 {\mu}Gal

    Retarded long-range potentials for the alkali-metal atoms and a perfectly conducting wall

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    The retarded long-range potentials for hydrogen and alkali-metal atoms in their ground states and a perfectly conducting wall are calculated. The potentials are given over a wide range of atom-wall distances and the validity of the approximations used is established.Comment: RevTeX, epsf, 11 pages, 2 fig
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