Accelerating Scientific Discovery by Formulating Grand Scientific Challenges

One important question for science and society is how to best promote scientific progress. Inspired by the great success of Hilbert's famous set of problems, the FuturICT project tries to stimulate and focus the efforts of many scientists by formulating Grand Challenges, i.e. a set of fundamental, relevant and hardly solvable scientific questions.Comment: To appear in EPJ Special Topics. For related work see http://www.futurict.eu and http://www.soms.ethz.c

Conventionally-Dried, Solar-Dried and Acid-Treated Corn for Finishing Beef Cattle

An experiment was initiated at the James Valley Research and Extension Center, Redfield, during the summer of 1976 to determine the value of corn grain dried or preserved by different methods. A portion of the trial dealt with methods of administering vitamin A and these results will be reported at a later time

A Relational Database for the Discovery of Genes Encoding Amino Acid Biosynthetic Enzymes in Pathogenic Fungi

Fungal phytopathogens continue to cause major economic impact, either directly, through crop losses, or due to the costs of fungicide application. Attempts to understand these organisms are hampered by a lack of fungal genome sequence data. A need exists, however, to develop specific bioinformatics tools to collate and analyse the sequence data that currently is available. A web-accessible gene discovery database (http://cogeme.ex.ac.uk/biosynthesis.html) was developed as a demonstration tool for the analysis of metabolic and signal transduction pathways in pathogenic fungi using incomplete gene inventories. Using Bayesian probability to analyse the currently available gene information from pathogenic fungi, we provide evidence that the obligate pathogen Blumeria graminis possesses all amino acid biosynthetic pathways found in free-living fungi, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Phylogenetic analysis was also used to deduce a gene history of succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme in the glutamate and lysine biosynthesis pathways. The database provides a tool and methodology to researchers to direct experimentation towards predicting pathway conservation in pathogenic microorganisms

Effects of Method of Supplementing Vitamin A on Feedlot Performance and Blood and Liver Vitamin A Levels in Feedlot Cattle

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of method of administering vitamin A on the performance of feedlot cattle. The vitamin A status in terms of blood plasma level and liver storage was determined along with weight gain and feed efficiency in a trial conducted at the James Valley Research and Extension Center near Redfield during the summer and fall of 1975

Methods of Supplementing Vitamin A to Fattening Beef Cattle

Yearling beef steers averaging 775 lb. were fed a low-carotene diet during a 106-day finishing experiment to compare methods of vitamin A supplementation. The diets consisted of a full feed of whole corn grain and 2 lb. of chopped alfalfa-bromegrass hay. Methods of vitamin A supplementation were (1) vitamin A in a supplement fed at 1 lb. per steer daily (20,000 IU), (2) vitamin A in a mineral mixture (544,800 IU per lb.) offered to the cattle on a free-choice basis and (3) vitamin A as an instramuscular injection of 3 million IU at the start of the trial. The injections were administered to part of the steers that received vitamin A in the daily supplement and the vitamin in the free-choice mineral supplement

Amostragem das pragas do algodoeiro com auxilio de ficha pictografica.

A ficha pctografica; Implantacao do metodo.bitstream/item/33300/1/CNPA-DOCUMENTOS-06-AMOSTRAGEM-DAS-PRAGAS-DO-ALGODOEIRO-COM-AUXILIO-DE-FICHA-PICTOGRAFICA-FL-02978.pd

On the structure of the space of generalized connections

We give a modern account of the construction and structure of the space of generalized connections, an extension of the space of connections that plays a central role in loop quantum gravity.Comment: 30 pages, added references, minor changes. To appear in International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physic

Anti proliferative activity of ELACYT™ (CP-4055) in combination with cloretazine (VNP40101M), idarubicin, gemcitabine, irinotecan and topotecan in human leukemia and lymphoma cells

This study evaluated combination drug partners for CP-4055, the C18:1Δ9,trans unsaturated fatty acid ester of cytarabine in HL-60 and U937 cells. Growth inhibition was assessed by ATP assay and drug interaction by the combination index and three dimensional methods. Synergy was observed in HL-60 cells for simultaneous combinations of CP-4055 with gemcitabine, irinotecan and topotecan, while combinations with cloretazine (VNP40101M) and idarubicin were additive. In U937 cells, synergy was observed with gemcitabine and additivity for the other drugs. In HL-60, the IC50 concentration of CP-4055 could be reduced 10-fold and that of gemcitabine 3-fold in combination versus the agents alone, an interaction that was independent of drug sequence, ratio and exposure time. In contrast, interactions of CP-4055 with the topoisomerase inhibitors became antagonistic when the drugs were administered 24 h prior to CP-4055 and at certain drug ratios, particularly in U937 cells. In summary, CP-4055 produced additive to synergistic anti proliferative activity when combined simultaneously with drugs from four mechanistic classes in cell culture models of human leukemia and lymphoma. The impact of drug sequence and ratio on the interactions argues for incorporation of these parameters into the design of combination chemotherapy regimens